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and practical reason

  • 1 Афина

    2) Greek mythology: Athena

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Афина

  • 2 práctico

    adj.
    1 practical, no-nonsense, down-to-earth, matter-of-fact.
    2 practical, handy, helpful, useful.
    m.
    1 coast pilot.
    2 practitioner.
    * * *
    1 (gen) practical
    2 (hábil) skilful (US skillful)
    3 (pragmático) practical
    1 MARÍTIMO pilot
    ————————
    1 MARÍTIMO pilot
    * * *
    (f. - práctica)
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=útil) [gen] practical; [herramienta] handy; [ropa] sensible, practical

    resulta práctico vivir tan cerca de la fábrica — it's convenient o handy to live so close to the factory

    2) (=no teórico) [estudio, formación] practical
    3) (=pragmático)

    sé práctico y búscate un trabajo que dé dinero — be practical o sensible and find a job with money

    4) frm (=experto)

    ser muy práctico en algo — to be very skilled at sth, be an expert at sth

    2. SM
    1) (Náut) pilot ( in a port)
    2) (Med) practitioner
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) <envase/cuchillo> useful, handy; <falda/diseño> practical

    es muy práctico tener el coche para hacer la compra — it's very handy o convenient having the car to do the shopping

    2) ( no teórico) practical
    3) < persona> [SER] ( desenvuelto) practical
    II
    masculino y femenino (Náut) pilot
    * * *
    = workable, hands-on, practical, utilitarian, instrumental, working, down-to-earth, practice-oriented, hardheaded [hard-headed], serviceable, how-to, experiential, practically minded, worldly [worldlier -comp., worldliest -sup.], matter-of-fact.
    Ex. The type of environment in which the principles of pre-coordination are workable are restricted by the acceptable bulk or length of index headings.
    Ex. As an aid to evaluation, hands-on practical work is rarely cost effective, even in undertaken by inexperienced staff.
    Ex. Yet, in its own way, the press was taking the lead in putting pressure on the Community to adopt a more practical outlook, and by so doing kept the subject alive in the minds of the public.
    Ex. Descriptive bibliography has long been acknowledged as one primary field of bibliographical activity and greeted especially warmly by those who wish to see a strictly utilitarian end for these studies.
    Ex. There are five types of 'gratification', instrumental, prestige, reinforcement, aesthetic and respite, to be derived from the reading of literature.
    Ex. As they grow up, children have to develop an identity and a working philosophy of life.
    Ex. The report gives a down-to-earth account of the way in which membership of the European Community has materially affected major British industries.
    Ex. This paper describes a computerised index of the articles contained in 6 practice-oriented medical periodicals.
    Ex. Managers should be encouraged to raise critical questions, and the criteria for evaluating progress must be as hardheaded as possible.
    Ex. He provided us with this very serviceable definition: 'Bibliographical control is the development and maintenance of a system of adequate recording of all forms of material published and unpublished, printed, audio-visual or otherwise, which add to the sum of human knowledge and information'.
    Ex. In addition, adult education in general has moved from an emphasis on the liberal arts to a concentration on practical, 'how-to' courses.
    Ex. This necessitates the sharing of experiential knowledge at various levels and in various forms.
    Ex. He is practically minded, not taking unnecessary risks or deliberately hurting his victims if nothing is to be gained.
    Ex. There exist sets of duality in this philosophy; body versus soul, worldly versus unworldly and life versus salvation.
    Ex. The videotape of the interviews showed the offender to be impassive and matter-of-fact in describing what he had done.
    ----
    * a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.
    * basado en un método práctico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].
    * caso práctico = case.
    * casos prácticos = best practices.
    * consejo práctico = tip.
    * con una mente práctica = practically minded.
    * cuestión práctica = practicality.
    * de un modo práctico = practically.
    * ejercicio práctico = practical, practical exercise.
    * escritor de casos prácticos = case writer [case-writer].
    * examen práctico = practical examination.
    * experiencia práctica = field experience, hands on experience, practical experience.
    * guía práctica = working guide.
    * información práctica = practical information.
    * poco práctico = impractical, awkward.
    * razón práctica = practical reason.
    * supuesto práctico = case.
    * trabajo práctico = fieldwork [field work], practical work.
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) <envase/cuchillo> useful, handy; <falda/diseño> practical

    es muy práctico tener el coche para hacer la compra — it's very handy o convenient having the car to do the shopping

    2) ( no teórico) practical
    3) < persona> [SER] ( desenvuelto) practical
    II
    masculino y femenino (Náut) pilot
    * * *
    = workable, hands-on, practical, utilitarian, instrumental, working, down-to-earth, practice-oriented, hardheaded [hard-headed], serviceable, how-to, experiential, practically minded, worldly [worldlier -comp., worldliest -sup.], matter-of-fact.

    Ex: The type of environment in which the principles of pre-coordination are workable are restricted by the acceptable bulk or length of index headings.

    Ex: As an aid to evaluation, hands-on practical work is rarely cost effective, even in undertaken by inexperienced staff.
    Ex: Yet, in its own way, the press was taking the lead in putting pressure on the Community to adopt a more practical outlook, and by so doing kept the subject alive in the minds of the public.
    Ex: Descriptive bibliography has long been acknowledged as one primary field of bibliographical activity and greeted especially warmly by those who wish to see a strictly utilitarian end for these studies.
    Ex: There are five types of 'gratification', instrumental, prestige, reinforcement, aesthetic and respite, to be derived from the reading of literature.
    Ex: As they grow up, children have to develop an identity and a working philosophy of life.
    Ex: The report gives a down-to-earth account of the way in which membership of the European Community has materially affected major British industries.
    Ex: This paper describes a computerised index of the articles contained in 6 practice-oriented medical periodicals.
    Ex: Managers should be encouraged to raise critical questions, and the criteria for evaluating progress must be as hardheaded as possible.
    Ex: He provided us with this very serviceable definition: 'Bibliographical control is the development and maintenance of a system of adequate recording of all forms of material published and unpublished, printed, audio-visual or otherwise, which add to the sum of human knowledge and information'.
    Ex: In addition, adult education in general has moved from an emphasis on the liberal arts to a concentration on practical, 'how-to' courses.
    Ex: This necessitates the sharing of experiential knowledge at various levels and in various forms.
    Ex: He is practically minded, not taking unnecessary risks or deliberately hurting his victims if nothing is to be gained.
    Ex: There exist sets of duality in this philosophy; body versus soul, worldly versus unworldly and life versus salvation.
    Ex: The videotape of the interviews showed the offender to be impassive and matter-of-fact in describing what he had done.
    * a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.
    * basado en un método práctico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].
    * caso práctico = case.
    * casos prácticos = best practices.
    * consejo práctico = tip.
    * con una mente práctica = practically minded.
    * cuestión práctica = practicality.
    * de un modo práctico = practically.
    * ejercicio práctico = practical, practical exercise.
    * escritor de casos prácticos = case writer [case-writer].
    * examen práctico = practical examination.
    * experiencia práctica = field experience, hands on experience, practical experience.
    * guía práctica = working guide.
    * información práctica = practical information.
    * poco práctico = impractical, awkward.
    * razón práctica = practical reason.
    * supuesto práctico = case.
    * trabajo práctico = fieldwork [field work], practical work.

    * * *
    práctico1 -ca
    A ‹envase/cuchillo› useful, handy; ‹falda/bolso› practical
    es un diseño muy práctico it's a very practical design
    regalémosle algo práctico let's give her something useful o practical
    es muy práctico tener el coche para hacer las compras it's very handy o convenient having the car to do the shopping
    B (no teórico) practical
    C ‹persona›
    1 [ SER] (desenvuelto) practical
    tiene gran sentido práctico she's very practically minded
    2 ( RPl) [ ESTAR] (experimentado) experienced
    cuando estés más práctica, te presto el auto when you're more experienced o when you've had more practice, I'll lend you the car
    ( Náut) pilot
    * * *

     

    Del verbo practicar: ( conjugate practicar)

    practico es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    practicó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    practicar    
    práctico
    practicar ( conjugate practicar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹idioma/pieza musical› to practice( conjugate practice);

    ‹ tenis› to play;

    no practica ningún deporte he doesn't play o do any sport(s)
    b) ‹ profesión› to practice( conjugate practice)

    2 (frml) (llevar a cabo, realizar) ‹corte/incisión› to make;
    ‹autopsia/operación› to perform, do;
    ‹redada/actividad› to carry out;
    ‹ detenciones› to make
    verbo intransitivo ( repetir) to practice( conjugate practice);
    ( ejercer) to practice( conjugate practice)
    práctico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    1 ‹envase/cuchillo› useful, handy;
    ‹falda/diseño› practical;
    ◊ es muy práctico tener el coche para hacer la compra it's very handy o convenient having the car to do the shopping

    2 ( no teórico) practical
    3 ‹ persona› [SER] ( desenvuelto) practical
    practicar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (una profesión) to practise, US practice
    2 (una actividad) to play, practise: deberías practicar el tenis más a menudo, you should play tennis more regularly
    3 (una operación, etc) to carry out, do, perform: tuvieron que practicarle una autopsia, they had to perform a post mortem on him
    4 Rel to practise
    II verbo intransitivo to practise: si quieres hablar bien el inglés, debes practicar más, if you want to speak good English, you must practise more ➣ Ver nota en practise
    práctico,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (un objeto) handy, useful
    2 (una persona, disciplina) practical
    II m Náut pilot
    ' práctico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ejercicio
    - práctica
    - realista
    - útil
    - utilitaria
    - utilitario
    - aplicación
    English:
    convenient
    - down-to-earth
    - exercise
    - handy
    - impractical
    - inconvenient
    - inconveniently
    - matter-of-fact
    - practical
    - practicality
    - sandwich course
    - sensible
    - serviceable
    - skilled
    - starry-eyed
    - tip
    - useful
    - down
    - hand
    - hard
    - matter
    - pilot
    - practically
    * * *
    práctico1, -a adj
    1. [objeto, situación] practical;
    [útil] handy, useful;
    un regalo práctico a practical gift;
    es muy práctico vivir cerca del centro it's very handy o convenient living near the centre
    2. [curso, conocimientos] practical;
    un curso práctico de fotografía a practical photography course;
    estudiaremos varios casos prácticos we will study a number of practical examples
    3. [persona] [pragmático] practical;
    es una persona muy práctica she's a very practical o pragmatic person
    4. [casi]
    la práctica desaparición de la variedad silvestre the virtual extinction of the wild variety
    5. RP [persona] [experimentado]
    estar práctico to be experienced, to have experience
    Náut pilot
    * * *
    I adj practical
    II m MAR pilot
    * * *
    práctico, -ca adj
    : practical, useful
    * * *
    1. (en general) practical
    2. (útil) handy [comp. handier; superl. handiest]

    Spanish-English dictionary > práctico

  • 3 razón

    f.
    1 reason, cause, explanation, motive.
    2 intellect, intelligence, reason.
    3 ratio, rate.
    * * *
    1 (facultad) reason
    2 (motivo) reason, cause
    3 (mensaje) message
    4 (justicia) justice
    5 MATEMÁTICAS ratio, rate
    \
    a razón de in the ratio of, at the rate of
    asistirle a uno la razón to be in the right
    atender a razones to listen to reason
    con razón with good reason
    con razón o sin ella rightly or wrongly
    dar la razón a alguien to agree with somebody, say that somebody is right
    entrar en razón to listen to reason
    mandar razón to send a message
    no tener razón to be wrong
    perder la razón to lose one's reason
    'Razón aquí' "Enquire within", "Apply within"
    'Razón en portería' "Inquiries to caretaker"
    razón de más para... all the more reason to...
    tener razón to be right
    tener razones para hacer algo to have reason to do something
    razón de Estado reason of State
    razón de ser raison d'être
    razón social trade name
    * * *
    noun f.
    •
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=facultad) reason

    • entrar en razón — to see sense, listen to reason

    • perder la razón — to go out of one's mind

    • tener uso de razón: escribo desde que tengo uso de razón — I've been writing for as long as I can remember

    apenas tenían uso de razón cuando... — they were mere babes in arms when...

    2) (=verdad)

    • asistir la razón, le asiste la razón — he has right on his side

    • cargarse de razón — to have right fully on one's side

    quiero cargarme de razón antes de... — I want to be sure of my case before...

    • con razón o sin ella — rightly or wrongly

    • dar la razón a algn — (=estar de acuerdo) to agree that sb is right; (=apoyar) to side with sb

    • quitar la razón a algn — to say sb is wrong

    • razón le sobra — she's only too right

    • tener razón — to be right

    3) (=motivo) reason

    ¿cuál era la razón de su visita? — what was the reason for his visit?

    la razón por la que lo hizo — the reason why he did it, the reason for his doing it

    • con razón — with good reason

    están hartos con toda la razón (del mundo) — they're fed up and they have good reason to be, they're fed up and rightly so

    ¡con razón! — naturally!

    • razón de más, razón de más para ayudarlas — all the more reason to help them

    • en razón a o de — (=debido a) owing to; (=de acuerdo con) according to

    • no atender a razones, no atiende a razones — he won't listen to reason

    4) (=información)

    razón: Princesa 4 — inquiries to 4 Princesa Street, for further details apply to 4 Princesa Street

    • dar razón de algo/algn — to give information about sth/sb

    nadie supo dar razón de su paradero — no one knew o could tell us his whereabouts

    • mandar a algn razón de que haga algo — † to send word (to sb) to do sth

    5) (Mat) ratio

    • a razón de, a razón de cinco a siete — in the ratio of five to seven

    6) (Com)

    razón social — trade name, firm's name

    * * *
    1) (motivo, causa) reason

    ¿por qué razón lo hiciste? — why did you do it?

    se quejan sin razón/con razón — they're complaining for no good reason/they have good reason to complain

    razón de más para... — all the more reason to...

    en razón de los últimos sucesos — in view of o owing to recent events

    atender or atenerse or avenirse a razones — to listen to reason

    razón: portería — inquiries to the doorman (AmE) o (BrE) porter

    razón: 874256 — call 874256

    dar razón de algo/alguien — to give information about something/somebody

    nadie le dio razón — (fam) no one could help him

    3) (verdad, acierto)

    tener or llevar razón — to be right

    tienes toda la razón — (fam) you're absolutely right

    4)
    a) ( inteligencia) reason
    b) ( cordura) reason

    perder la razón — to go out of one's mind; ( en sentido hiperbólico) to take leave of one's senses

    5) (Mat) ratio
    * * *
    = cause, ground, motive, reason, peg.
    Nota: En sentido figurado, razón o motivo utilizado como argumento para defender una actuación concreta.
    Ex. The commandment KOLN see COLOGNE should be sufficient cause for the rejection of the illicit proposal to establish OPERA -- KOLN.
    Ex. I think there are grounds for dispute on certain terms.
    Ex. Other title information is any title borne by an item indicative of the character, contents, etc. of the item or the motives for, or occasion of, its production or publication.
    Ex. The reason for its popularity was largely that it was based upon a principle of conformity in essentials, and freedom in details.
    Ex. The concepts currently being floated by UNESCO are such as will make convenient pegs to hang pleas for resources for bibliographic and library development to national governments.
    ----
    * aducir razones = provide + reasons.
    * argumentar + Posesivo + razones = argue + Posesivo + case.
    * buscar razones que expliquen Algo = ascribe + reasons to.
    * confirmar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point, make + Posesivo + case.
    * con más razón aún = a fortiori.
    * con razón = rightly, quite rightly, understandably, rightfully.
    * con toda la razón = quite rightly.
    * darle la razón a Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * dar razón de ser = bring + purpose.
    * dar una razón = give + reason.
    * demostrar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point, prove + point, make + Posesivo + case.
    * discriminatorio por razones de edad = ageist [agist].
    * el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.
    * en pleno uso de + Posesivo + razón = mentally fit.
    * en razón a = in the interest(s) of, on grounds.
    * en razón a que = on the grounds that/of.
    * entrar en razón = come to + Posesivo + senses.
    * esa es la razón por la que = that is why.
    * escuchar la voz de la razón = listen to + the voice of reason.
    * ésta es la razón por la que = this is why.
    * existir razones para = there + be + ground(s) for.
    * explicar las razones de = set out + the reasons for.
    * exponer las razones = discuss + the reasons.
    * exponer las razones de = set out + the reasons for.
    * exponer una razón = give + reason.
    * hay razones para pensar que = there + be + reason to believe that.
    * la razón de ser = the reason for being.
    * las razones de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.
    * la voz de la razón = the voice of reason.
    * llevar razón = be right, be in the right.
    * más allá de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * mostrar las razones por las que = show + cause why.
    * no tener razón = be wrong.
    * no tener razón de ser + Infinitivo = there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.
    * obras son amores y no buenas razones = actions speak louder than words.
    * ofrecer razones = provide + reasons.
    * perder la razón = lose + Posesivo + sanity.
    * permiso por razones familiares = family leave.
    * por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.
    * por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.
    * por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.
    * por esta razón = for this reason.
    * por esta única razón = for this reason alone.
    * por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.
    * por muchas razones = in many ways.
    * por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * por razones de = for the sake of.
    * por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.
    * por razones éticas = on moral grounds.
    * por razones morales = on moral grounds.
    * por razones personales = for personal reasons.
    * por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.
    * principal razón = prime cause.
    * probar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point.
    * probrar que se tiene razón = make + Posesivo + case.
    * razón convincente = compelling reason.
    * razón de ser = point, raison d'etre, rationale, sense of purpose.
    * razones del movimiento de personal = turnover behaviour.
    * razones personales = personal reasons.
    * razón fundamental = rationale.
    * razón justificada = justified reason.
    * razón práctica = practical reason.
    * ser la razón de = lie at + the root of.
    * sin razón = wanton, for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, for no good reason.
    * sin razón alguna = for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, for no good reason.
    * sin razón aparente = for no apparent reason, for apparently no reason.
    * sin razón justificada = for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, for no good reason.
    * tener razón = be correct, be right, be spot on, be in the right.
    * tener razones para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.
    * todas las razones del mundo = every reason.
    * visita por razones de investigación = research trip, research visit.
    * y con razón = and rightfully so.
    * * *
    1) (motivo, causa) reason

    ¿por qué razón lo hiciste? — why did you do it?

    se quejan sin razón/con razón — they're complaining for no good reason/they have good reason to complain

    razón de más para... — all the more reason to...

    en razón de los últimos sucesos — in view of o owing to recent events

    atender or atenerse or avenirse a razones — to listen to reason

    razón: portería — inquiries to the doorman (AmE) o (BrE) porter

    razón: 874256 — call 874256

    dar razón de algo/alguien — to give information about something/somebody

    nadie le dio razón — (fam) no one could help him

    3) (verdad, acierto)

    tener or llevar razón — to be right

    tienes toda la razón — (fam) you're absolutely right

    4)
    a) ( inteligencia) reason
    b) ( cordura) reason

    perder la razón — to go out of one's mind; ( en sentido hiperbólico) to take leave of one's senses

    5) (Mat) ratio
    * * *
    = cause, ground, motive, reason, peg.
    Nota: En sentido figurado, razón o motivo utilizado como argumento para defender una actuación concreta.

    Ex: The commandment KOLN see COLOGNE should be sufficient cause for the rejection of the illicit proposal to establish OPERA -- KOLN.

    Ex: I think there are grounds for dispute on certain terms.
    Ex: Other title information is any title borne by an item indicative of the character, contents, etc. of the item or the motives for, or occasion of, its production or publication.
    Ex: The reason for its popularity was largely that it was based upon a principle of conformity in essentials, and freedom in details.
    Ex: The concepts currently being floated by UNESCO are such as will make convenient pegs to hang pleas for resources for bibliographic and library development to national governments.
    * aducir razones = provide + reasons.
    * argumentar + Posesivo + razones = argue + Posesivo + case.
    * buscar razones que expliquen Algo = ascribe + reasons to.
    * confirmar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point, make + Posesivo + case.
    * con más razón aún = a fortiori.
    * con razón = rightly, quite rightly, understandably, rightfully.
    * con toda la razón = quite rightly.
    * darle la razón a Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * dar razón de ser = bring + purpose.
    * dar una razón = give + reason.
    * demostrar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point, prove + point, make + Posesivo + case.
    * discriminatorio por razones de edad = ageist [agist].
    * el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.
    * en pleno uso de + Posesivo + razón = mentally fit.
    * en razón a = in the interest(s) of, on grounds.
    * en razón a que = on the grounds that/of.
    * entrar en razón = come to + Posesivo + senses.
    * esa es la razón por la que = that is why.
    * escuchar la voz de la razón = listen to + the voice of reason.
    * ésta es la razón por la que = this is why.
    * existir razones para = there + be + ground(s) for.
    * explicar las razones de = set out + the reasons for.
    * exponer las razones = discuss + the reasons.
    * exponer las razones de = set out + the reasons for.
    * exponer una razón = give + reason.
    * hay razones para pensar que = there + be + reason to believe that.
    * la razón de ser = the reason for being.
    * las razones de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.
    * la voz de la razón = the voice of reason.
    * llevar razón = be right, be in the right.
    * más allá de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * mostrar las razones por las que = show + cause why.
    * no tener razón = be wrong.
    * no tener razón de ser + Infinitivo = there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.
    * obras son amores y no buenas razones = actions speak louder than words.
    * ofrecer razones = provide + reasons.
    * perder la razón = lose + Posesivo + sanity.
    * permiso por razones familiares = family leave.
    * por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.
    * por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.
    * por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.
    * por esta razón = for this reason.
    * por esta única razón = for this reason alone.
    * por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.
    * por muchas razones = in many ways.
    * por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * por razones de = for the sake of.
    * por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.
    * por razones éticas = on moral grounds.
    * por razones morales = on moral grounds.
    * por razones personales = for personal reasons.
    * por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.
    * principal razón = prime cause.
    * probar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point.
    * probrar que se tiene razón = make + Posesivo + case.
    * razón convincente = compelling reason.
    * razón de ser = point, raison d'etre, rationale, sense of purpose.
    * razones del movimiento de personal = turnover behaviour.
    * razones personales = personal reasons.
    * razón fundamental = rationale.
    * razón justificada = justified reason.
    * razón práctica = practical reason.
    * ser la razón de = lie at + the root of.
    * sin razón = wanton, for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, for no good reason.
    * sin razón alguna = for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, for no good reason.
    * sin razón aparente = for no apparent reason, for apparently no reason.
    * sin razón justificada = for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, for no good reason.
    * tener razón = be correct, be right, be spot on, be in the right.
    * tener razones para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.
    * todas las razones del mundo = every reason.
    * visita por razones de investigación = research trip, research visit.
    * y con razón = and rightfully so.

    * * *
    A (motivo, causa) reason
    tuvo sus razones para actuar así he had his reasons for acting like that
    la razón por la que te lo digo the reason (that) I'm telling you
    ¿por qué razón lo hiciste? why did you do it?
    la huelga ha de ser la razón por la que or por la cual no vino it must have been the strike that prevented him from coming
    no sé la razón que lo movió a hacer una cosa así I don't know what made him do o what induced him to do a thing like that
    se enojó y con razón she got angry and rightly so o and with good reason
    con razón o sin ella el caso es que se enfadó the fact is that, rightly or wrongly, she lost her temper
    se quejan sin razón they're complaining for nothing o for no good reason
    se quejan con razón they have good reason to complain, they have cause for complaint
    ¡con razón no contestaban el teléfono! no wonder they didn't answer the phone!, that's why o that explains why they didn't answer the phone!
    por una u otra razón siempre llega tarde he always arrives late for one reason or another
    razón de más para venir a vernos all the more reason to come and see us
    no hay razón para que no te quedes there's no reason why you can't stay
    por razones de seguridad for security reasons
    en razón de because of
    nadie resulta discriminado en razón de su edad, sexo o raza nobody is discriminated against on the grounds of o because of (their) age, sex or race
    la posibilidad de que haya sido secuestrado en razón del puesto que ocupa the possibility that he might have been kidnapped because of o on account of the position he holds
    en razón de los últimos acontecimientos in view of o owing to recent events
    Compuesto:
    registered name
    B
    (información): [ S ] Se alquila. Razón: portería For rent, inquiries to the super/caretaker
    [ S ] Se vende bicicleta. Razón: este establecimiento Bicycle for sale, inquire within
    [ S ] Se dan clases de inglés. Razón: 874256 English lessons given. Call 874256
    dar razón de algo/algn to give information about sth/sb
    no pudieron or supieron darnos razón de su paradero they were unable to tell us where to find him, they were unable to give us any information as to his whereabouts
    preguntó a todo el que encontraba si la habían visto pasar, pero nadie le dio razón ( fam); he asked everyone he came across if they had seen her go by, but no one could help him
    mandar razón a algn ( ant); to send word to sb
    Compuestos:
    raison d'être ( frml)
    ese problema no tiene razón de ser there's no reason for that problem to exist
    fpl reasons of State (pl)
    C
    (verdad, acierto): la razón está de su parte he's in the right
    esta vez tú tienes la razón this time you're right
    tuve que darle la razón I had to admit she was right
    me da la razón como a los locos ( fam); he just humors me
    tener or llevar razón to be right
    tienes toda la razón del mundo you're absolutely right
    D
    actuó guiado por la razón he acted on reason
    desde que tengo uso de razón for as long as I can remember
    2 (cordura) reason
    entrar en razón to see reason o sense
    perder la razón to lose one's reason, to go out of one's mind; (en sentido hiperbólico) to take leave of one's senses
    E ( Mat) ratio
    salimos a razón de 500 pesos cada uno it came out at 500 pesos each o a head
    Compuestos:
    difference
    ● razón directa/inversa
    direct/inverse ratio
    ratio
    * * *

     

    razón sustantivo femenino
    1 (motivo, causa) reason;

    se enojó y con razón she got angry and rightly so;
    con razón o sin ella rightly or wrongly;
    se quejan sin razón/con razón they're complaining for no good reason/they have good reason to complain;
    ¡con razón no contestaban! no wonder they didn't answer!;
    razón de más para … all the more reason to …
    2 (verdad, acierto): tener or llevar razón to be right;

    tienes toda la razón (fam) you're absolutely right
    3 ( habilidad para razonar) reason;

    desde que tengo uso de razón for as long as I can remember;
    entrar en razón to see reason o sense;
    perder la razón to go out of one's mind;

    ( en sentido hiperbólico) to take leave of one's senses
    razón sustantivo femenino
    1 (facultad) reason: razón y sentimiento a veces coinciden, reason and emotion sometimes coincide
    2 (verdad, acierto) rightness
    dar la razón a alguien, to say that sb is right
    tiene razón, he's right
    no tienes razón, you're wrong
    3 (motivo) reason: no tienes razón alguna para enfadarte, there is no reason to get angry
    4 (argumento) argument, reason: sus razones no eran demasiado convincentes, his arguments were not that convincing
    5 Mat ratio: avanzan a razón de diez kilómetros por día, they are advancing at the rate of ten kilometres per day
    6 (en un letrero) "razón portería", "details from caretaker"
    ♦ Locuciones: asistir la razón a alguien, to have right on one's side
    entrar en razón, to see sense
    no atender a razones, to refuse to see reason
    perder la razón, to lose the power of reason o to lose one's mind
    ' razón' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acá
    - admitir
    - dar
    - desvarío
    - estado
    - hacer
    - móvil
    - ociosa
    - ocioso
    - oponer
    - oscurecer
    - plausible
    - porfiar
    - pretender
    - sentida
    - sentido
    - trastornarse
    - turbar
    - argumento
    - aspecto
    - concluyente
    - convencer
    - descubrir
    - duda
    - justificación
    - motivo
    - oculto
    - peso
    - poder
    - punto
    - rata
    - suponer
    - temer
    - triunfar
    - uso
    English:
    accept
    - bear out
    - compelling
    - concede
    - guess
    - maybe
    - occasion
    - point
    - rate
    - ratio
    - reason
    - right
    - rightly
    - sense
    - show
    - somehow
    - understandably
    - wrong
    - absolutely
    - ageist
    - all
    - be
    - cause
    - could
    - deep
    - for
    - indeed
    - mind
    - nine
    - sanity
    - so
    - very
    - why
    * * *
    razón nf
    1. [causa, motivo, argumento] reason;
    la razón de la huelga/de que estén en huelga the reason for the strike/why they are on strike;
    no entiendo la razón de su marcha I don't understand why she's leaving;
    no hay razón para enfadarse there's no reason to get angry;
    la razón por la que voy the reason (why) I'm going;
    atender a razones to listen to reason;
    con mayor razón si… all the more so if…;
    ¡con razón no quería venir! no wonder he didn't want to come!;
    y con razón and quite rightly so;
    en o [m5] por razón de [en vista de] in view of;
    [a causa de] because of;
    por razones de salud/seguridad for health/safety reasons;
    razón de más para quedarse/protestar all the more reason to stay/protest;
    tiene razones para estar enojado he has good cause o good reason to be angry;
    tenemos razones para creer que… we have reason o cause to believe that…;
    sus razones tendrá para hacer eso she must have her reasons for doing something like that
    Pol razones de Estado reasons of state;
    razón de ser raison d'être;
    su actitud no tiene razón de ser her attitude is completely unjustified
    2. [verdad]
    la razón estaba de su parte, Formal [m5] le asistía la razón he was in the right, he had right on his side;
    razón no le falta he's quite right;
    con razón o sin ella rightly or wrongly;
    dar la razón a alguien to admit that sb is right;
    llevar o [m5] tener razón to be right;
    llevas o [m5] tienes toda la razón you're quite right;
    tener razón en o [m5] al hacer algo to be right to do sth;
    no tener razón to be wrong;
    quitar la razón a alguien [demostrar su equivocación] to prove sb wrong
    3. [juicio, inteligencia] reason;
    entrar en razón to see reason;
    no hay quien le haga entrar en razón no one can make him see reason;
    perder la razón to lose one's reason o mind
    4. [información]
    se vende casa: razón aquí [en letrero] house for sale: enquire within;
    dar razón de to give an account of;
    se recompensará a quien dé razón de su paradero there is a reward for anyone giving information regarding his whereabouts
    Com razón social trade name [of company]
    5. Mat ratio;
    a razón de at a rate of;
    salimos o [m5] tocamos a razón de 300 pesos por persona it worked out at 300 pesos per person
    6. Col, Méx, Ven [recado] message;
    Diego no está, ¿quiere dejarle razón? Diego's not in, do you want to leave a message?;
    viajo mañana, ¿tiene razón para su madre? I'm leaving tomorrow, do you have any messages for your mother?;
    pídale a su padre que mande razón ask her father to send us his news
    * * *
    f
    1 reason;
    sin razón for no reason;
    razón de más all the more reason;
    con mucha razón with good reason
    2
    :
    tener razón be right;
    dar la razón a alguien admit that s.o. is right
    :
    entrar en razón see sense;
    hacer entrar a alguien en razón make s.o. see sense;
    perder la razón lose one’s mind
    4 ( causa)
    :
    de because of;
    por razones de edad on the grounds of age
    5
    :
    * * *
    razón nf, pl razones
    1) motivo: reason, motive
    en razón de: by reason of, because of
    2) justicia: rightness, justice
    tener razón: to be right
    3) : reasoning, sense
    perder la razón: to lose one's mind
    4) : ratio, proportion
    * * *
    razón n (motivo) reason

    Spanish-English dictionary > razón

  • 4 ragione

    f reason
    ( diritto) right
    ragione sociale company name
    per ragioni di salute for health reasons
    aver ragione be right
    dare ragione a qualcuno admit that someone is right
    a ragione, con ragione rightly
    senza ragione for no reason
    * * *
    ragione s.f.
    1 reason: l'età della ragione, the age of discretion: avere l'età della ragione, to reach the age of discretion; avere, riacquistare l'uso della ragione, to have, to regain the use of one's reason; agire contro ragione, to act irrationally; ricondurre qlcu. alla ragione, to make s.o. see sense; ascoltare la voce della ragione, to listen to the voice of reason; perdere il lume, l'uso della ragione, to go out of one's mind (o to lose one's wits) // (fil.) ragione pura, pratica, pure, practical reason
    2 ( causa, motivo) reason, motive: che ragione può avere avuto per fare ciò?, what motive can he have had for doing that?; dimmi la ragione per la quale l'hai fatto, tell me your reason for doing it; ho qualche ragione di temerlo, I have (good) reason to fear him; non c'è ragione di pensarlo, there is no reason to think so (o there are no grounds for thinking so); non è una ( buona) ragione, that is no reason (o excuse); non so la ragione di tutto ciò, I do not know the reason for all that; chiedere la ragione di un'azione, to ask the reason for an action; non lo voglio vedere per nessuna ragione, I don't want to see him for any reason (o on no account do I want to see him) // ragione di essere, reason for existence (o raison d'être o justification): il suo sospetto non aveva più ragione d'essere, her suspicion was no longer justified (o she no longer had any reason to be suspicious) // ragione di più, all the more reason: è una ragione di più per licenziarlo, that's another reason for dismissing him // ragione per cui, that's why: ragione per cui sarebbe meglio parlargli, that's why it would be better to speak to him // ragioni di famiglia, family reasons // assente per ragioni di salute, absent on the ground of ill health (o for reasons of ill health) // la foto non può essere pubblicata per ragioni di spazio, the photo can't be published because of lack of space // dare, rendere ragione di qlco., to give reasons for sthg. // non so rendermi ragione di ciò che ho fatto, I cannot explain why I did it; non so rendermi ragione di tutto ciò, I cannot understand the reason for all that // farsi una ragione di qlco., ( rassegnarsi) to resign oneself (o to accept the inevitable) // (fil.) ragione ultima delle cose, the first cause of things
    3 ( argomentazione, prova) reason, justification: addurre le proprie ragioni, to put forward one's reasons; intendere, sentir ragione, to listen to reason: ho cercato di convincerlo ma non vuole sentir ragione, I've tried to convince him but he won't listen to reason // a ragion veduta, after due consideration; ( deliberatamente) deliberately // rendere di pubblica ragione, to make public knowledge
    4 ( diritto, legittimità) right; reason: ragione e torto, right and wrong; a ragione o a torto, rightly or wrongly; a ragione si preoccupa di ciò, he has good reason to worry about it; ciò mi darà ragione, this will prove (o show) I am right; è dalla parte della ragione, he is in the right; non voleva darmi ragione, he did not want to admit I was right; avere ragione, to be right: ho ragione da vendere, I am absolutely right; ha ragione di sgridarlo, he is right to tell him off (o he has every reason to tell him off); ha mille ragioni per non venire alla festa, he has all the reasons in the world for not coming to the party; far valere le proprie ragioni, to assert one's rights // a ragione, with good reason // a maggior ragione, even more so // aver ragione di qlcu., qlco., to get the better of s.o., sthg. // darle di santa ragione a qlcu., to give s.o. a good beating (o hiding o fam. to tan s.o.'s hide); prenderle di santa ragione, to get a good beating // farsi ragione da sé, to take the law into one's hands // rendere ragione a qlcu., to do justice to s.o. // ricorrere a chi di ragione, to apply to the proper (o right) person // la ragione di Stato, reason of State
    5 ( tasso) rate; ( rapporto, proporzione) ratio, proportion: ragione diretta, inversa, direct, inverse ratio; ragione geometrica, geometric ratio; in ragione del 10%, at the rate of 10%; in ragione di tanto ognuno, at the rate of so much a head; distribuire gli utili in ragione del capitale versato, to distribute profits in proportion to the capital paid in
    6 (dir. comm.): ragione sociale, style, corporate name, company title, trade name; la ragione sociale di una ditta, the style (o name) of a firm // ragione di scambio, terms of trade.
    * * *
    [ra'dʒone]
    1. sf
    1) (facoltà) reason

    perdere il lume della ragione — to lose one's reason, take leave of one's senses

    2) (motivo) reason, cause, motive, (argomentazione) argument, (diritto) right

    ... ragion per cui sarebbe meglio partire —...that's why it would be better to leave

    a o con ragione — with good reason, rightly, justly

    a ragion veduta — after due consideration, (intenzionalmente) deliberately

    3) Mat proportion, ratio
    4)

    (fraseologia) aver ragione (a fare) — to be right (in doing o to do)

    sì, hai perfettamente ragione — yes, you're quite right

    aver ragione di qn/qc — to get the better of sb/sth

    avere ragione da vendere — to be absolutely right, be dead right fam

    dare ragione a qn — (sogg : persona) to side with sb, (fatto) to prove sb right

    farsi una ragione di qc — to accept sth, come to terms with sth

    2.
    * * *
    [ra'dʒone]
    sostantivo femminile
    1) (razionalità) reason U

    ricondurre o riportare qcn. alla ragione to make sb. see reason; fare appello alla ragione — to appeal to people's common sense

    2) (causa, motivo) reason

    per la buona, semplice ragione che — for the (very) good, simple reason that

    per nessuna ragione al mondo — for nothing in the world, not for all the tea in China

    farsi una ragione di qcs. — to resign oneself to sth.

    3) (diritto, giusta pretesa)

    dare ragione a qcn. — to agree with sb.

    4) (spiegazione) reason

    chiedere (a qcn.) ragione di qcs. — to call (sb.) to account for sth

    5) mat. (rapporto) ratio

    in ragione del 5% — at the rate of 5%

    in ragione diretta, inversa — in direct, inverse ratio o proportion

    •

    ragion d'essere — reason for existence, raison d'être

    ragione sociale — dir. company o corporate name

    ragion di stato — pol. reason of state

    ••

    a maggior ragione — all the more reason, even more so

    a ragion veduta — after due consideration; (di proposito) deliberately, intentionally

    a o con ragione rightly; a torto o a ragione whether mistakenly or not, rightly or wrongly; avere ragione di qcn., qcs. to get the better of sb., sth.; perdere (il lume del)la ragione to lose one's reason o one's mind; darle a qcn. di santa ragione to thrash the living daylights out of sb., to give sb. a good thrashing; prenderle di santa ragione — to get a beating o thrashing

    * * *
    ragione
    /ra'dʒone/
    sostantivo f.
     1 (razionalità) reason U; età della ragione age of discretion; ricondurre o riportare qcn. alla ragione to make sb. see reason; fare appello alla ragione to appeal to people's common sense
     2 (causa, motivo) reason; non avere nessuna ragione per to have no reason to; senza ragione (apparente) for no (apparent) reason; per una ragione o per l'altra for some reason or other; per la buona, semplice ragione che for the (very) good, simple reason that; per nessuna ragione al mondo for nothing in the world, not for all the tea in China; per -i di salute for health reasons; la ragione per cui the reason why; non c'è ragione di preoccuparsi there is no cause for concern; non vedo la ragione di fare I don't see the point of doing; avere tutte le -i per fare to have every reason for doing o to do; avere delle buone -i per pensare che to have good reasons for thinking that; farsi una ragione di qcs. to resign oneself to sth.; ragione di più per fare all the more reason to do
     3 (diritto, giusta pretesa) avere ragione to be right; avere perfettamente ragione to be absolutely right; dare ragione a qcn. to agree with sb.; essere dalla parte della ragione to be in the right
     4 (spiegazione) reason; chiedere (a qcn.) ragione di qcs. to call (sb.) to account for sth.
     5 mat. (rapporto) ratio; in ragione del 5% at the rate of 5%; in ragione diretta, inversa in direct, inverse ratio o proportion
    a maggior ragione all the more reason, even more so; a ragion veduta after due consideration; (di proposito) deliberately, intentionally; a o con ragione rightly; a torto o a ragione whether mistakenly or not, rightly or wrongly; avere ragione di qcn., qcs. to get the better of sb., sth.; perdere (il lume del)la ragione to lose one's reason o one's mind; darle a qcn. di santa ragione to thrash the living daylights out of sb., to give sb. a good thrashing; prenderle di santa ragione to get a beating o thrashing
    \
    ragion d'essere reason for existence, raison d'être; ragione sociale dir. company o corporate name; ragion di stato pol. reason of state.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > ragione

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    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography

  • 6 profundamente

    adv.
    1 profoundly, deeply, highly, acutely, high.
    2 soundly.
    Dormir profundamente Sleep soundly.
    * * *
    1 profoundly, deeply
    * * *
    ADV
    1) [con verbos] [creer, meditar, desconfiar] deeply, profoundly; [dormir] deeply, soundly
    2) [con adjetivos] [religioso, afectado] deeply, profoundly; [dividido] deeply; [conservador] extremely
    * * *
    adverbio <emocionado/afectado> profoundly, deeply
    * * *
    = intensively, profoundly, deeply, intensely.
    Ex. I would suggest another intensively practical reason for author main entries over strict title entries.
    Ex. Then suddenly he extinguished his smile and arranged his countenance so that his listener should suppose him to be profoundly disturbed.
    Ex. I have found in reading extracts from Scott's diary of his trip to the South Pole that pupils interrupted all the time to ask questions, until the final entries were reached, when everyone went very quiet, moved deeply by Scott's words and unwilling to bruise the emotion they felt.
    Ex. Such special duty can be intensely challenging, freeing creative energies that would otherwise lie dormant.
    ----
    * profundamente arraigado = deeply ingrained, deeply grounded, deeply rooted, deep-seated.
    * * *
    adverbio <emocionado/afectado> profoundly, deeply
    * * *
    = intensively, profoundly, deeply, intensely.

    Ex: I would suggest another intensively practical reason for author main entries over strict title entries.

    Ex: Then suddenly he extinguished his smile and arranged his countenance so that his listener should suppose him to be profoundly disturbed.
    Ex: I have found in reading extracts from Scott's diary of his trip to the South Pole that pupils interrupted all the time to ask questions, until the final entries were reached, when everyone went very quiet, moved deeply by Scott's words and unwilling to bruise the emotion they felt.
    Ex: Such special duty can be intensely challenging, freeing creative energies that would otherwise lie dormant.
    * profundamente arraigado = deeply ingrained, deeply grounded, deeply rooted, deep-seated.

    * * *
    ‹emocionado/afectado› profoundly, deeply
    influyó profundamente en el proceso he influenced the process greatly, he had a profound influence on the process
    estudiaron el tema profundamente they studied the subject in depth
    respire profundamente breathe deeply
    estaba profundamente dormido he was sound asleep, he was in a deep sleep
    * * *
    deeply;
    lamento profundamente lo que ha pasado I deeply regret what has happened;
    dormía profundamente she was fast asleep;
    * * *
    profundamente adv deeply

    Spanish-English dictionary > profundamente

  • 7 terriblemente

    adv.
    terribly.
    * * *
    1 terribly, awfully
    * * *
    ADV terribly, awfully
    * * *
    adverbio terribly
    * * *
    = intensively, dreadfully, hideously, appallingly, disastrously.
    Ex. I would suggest another intensively practical reason for author main entries over strict title entries.
    Ex. However, economic resources are dreadfully finite.
    Ex. What is clear from a survey of this literature is that the Yugoslav war was hideously complex in its detail and in the range of issues raised.
    Ex. Albert Einstein quote -- It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.
    Ex. I love movies like that -- where slowly, gradually, bit by bit, all the characters realize that the villain was really disastrously mendacious and criminal.
    ----
    * terriblemente + Adjetivo = deadly + Adjetivo, excruciatingly + Adjetivo.
    * * *
    adverbio terribly
    * * *
    = intensively, dreadfully, hideously, appallingly, disastrously.

    Ex: I would suggest another intensively practical reason for author main entries over strict title entries.

    Ex: However, economic resources are dreadfully finite.
    Ex: What is clear from a survey of this literature is that the Yugoslav war was hideously complex in its detail and in the range of issues raised.
    Ex: Albert Einstein quote -- It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.
    Ex: I love movies like that -- where slowly, gradually, bit by bit, all the characters realize that the villain was really disastrously mendacious and criminal.
    * terriblemente + Adjetivo = deadly + Adjetivo, excruciatingly + Adjetivo.

    * * *
    1 ‹sufrir› terribly, horribly
    la cocina estaba terriblemente sucia the kitchen was terribly dirty
    se portaron terriblemente mal they behaved terribly o appallingly
    * * *
    terribly;
    los delitos han aumentado terriblemente crime has risen terribly;
    me duele terriblemente el estómago I've got terrible stomach ache
    * * *
    terriblemente adv awfully / dreadfully / terribly

    Spanish-English dictionary > terriblemente

  • 8 eminentemente

    adv.
    eminently, conspicuously.
    * * *
    1 eminently
    * * *
    ADV eminently, especially
    * * *
    = intensively, primarily, mainly.
    Ex. I would suggest another intensively practical reason for author main entries over strict title entries.
    Ex. The scheme is primarily used by LC itself, and by other large research collections such as large academic libraries.
    Ex. The problem is to decide who to select as being mainly responsible.
    * * *
    = intensively, primarily, mainly.

    Ex: I would suggest another intensively practical reason for author main entries over strict title entries.

    Ex: The scheme is primarily used by LC itself, and by other large research collections such as large academic libraries.
    Ex: The problem is to decide who to select as being mainly responsible.

    * * *
    essentially, basically
    * * *
    [principalmente] predominantly, mainly;
    una obra eminentemente divertida a largely enjoyable play
    * * *
    : basically, essentially

    Spanish-English dictionary > eminentemente

  • 9 машинное оборудование

    1. machinery

     

    машинное оборудование
    термин " машинное оборудование" означает:
    - сборочную единицу, состоящую из соединенных частей или компонентов, по крайней мере, одна из которых находится в движении, имеет соответствующие приводы, схему управления, цепь питания, и т.д., соединенные вместе с целью специального применения, в частности, для производства, обработки, перемещения или упаковки материала;
    - группу машин, которые для достижения той же цели организованы и управляется таким образом, что они функционируют как единое целое;
    - взаимозаменяемое оборудование, модифицирующее функции машины, которое отдельно поставляется на рынок и предназначено для установки на машине или на серии различных машин или на приводном устройстве самим оператором, при условии, что данное оборудование не является запасной частью или инструментом.
    [Директива 98/37/ЕЭС по машинному оборудованию]

    EN

    machinery
    ‘machinery’ means:
    — an assembly of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, with the appropriate
    actuators, control and power circuits, etc., joined together for a specific application, in particular
    for the processing, treatment, moving or packaging of a material,
    — an assembly of machines which, in order to achieve the same end, are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole,
    — interchangeable equipment modifying the function of a machine, which is placed on the market for the purpose of being assembled with a machine or a series of different machines or with a tractor by the operator himself in so far as this equipment is not a spare part or a tool
    [DIRECTIVE 98/37/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    3. The following are excluded from the scope of this Directive:

    3. Из области применения данной Директивы исключаются:

    — machinery whose only power source is directly applied manual effort, unless it is a machine used for lifting or lowering loads,

    - машинное оборудование, для которых источником энергии является исключительно непосредственное применение ручной силы, за исключением механизмов для подъема и опускания грузов;

    — machinery for medical use used in direct contact with patients,

    - медицинские приборы;

    — special equipment for use in fairgrounds and/or amusement parks,

    - специальное оборудование для использования в аттракционах и/или парках для развлечений;

    — steam boilers, tanks and pressure vessels,

    - паровые котлы, резервуары и сосуды под давлением;

    — machinery specially designed or put into service for nuclear purposes which, in the event of failure, may result in an emission of radioactivity,

    - машинное оборудование, специально сконструированное или используемое в атомной отрасли, которые в случае аварии могут привести к выделению радиоактивных веществ;

    — radioactive sources forming part of a machine,

    - радиоактивные источники, составляющие часть машин;

    — firearms,

    - стрелковое оружие;

    — storage tanks and pipelines for petrol, diesel fuel, inflammable liquids and dangerous substances,

    - емкости для хранения или трубопроводы для бензина, дизельного топлива, огнеопасных жидкостей и опасных веществ;

    — means of transport, i.e. vehicles and their trailers intended solely for transporting passengers by air or on road, rail or water networks, as well as means of transport in so far as such means are designed for transporting goods by air, on public road or rail networks or on water. Vehicles used in the mineral extraction industry shall not be excluded,

    - транспортные средства, т.е. средства перевозки и их прицепы, предназначенные исключительно для перевозки пассажиров по воздуху, автодороге, железной дороге, или водными путями, а также транспортные средства, сконструированные для транспортировки грузов по воздуху, по общедоступным дорогам, железным дорогам или водным путям. Средства транспортировки, используемые в горнодобывающей промышленности, не исключаются из области применения настоящей Директивы;

    — seagoing vessels and mobile offshore units together with equipment on board such vessels or units,

    - морские суда и мобильные береговые агрегаты вместе с оборудованием на борту, такие как танки или установки;

    — cableways, including funicular railways, for the public or private transportation of persons,

    - канатные дороги, включая фуникулерные железные дороги для общественного или частного пользования, предназначенные для транспортировки людей;

    — agricultural and forestry tractors, as defined in Article 1(1) of Directive 74/150/EEC (1),

    (1) Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (OJ L 84, 28.3.1974, p. 10). Directive as last amended by Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC (OJ L 1.1.1995, p. 1).

    -сельскохозяйственные и лесные тракторы, подпадающие под определение статьи 1 (1) Директивы Совета 74/150/ЕЭС(1);

    (1) Директива Совета 74/150/ЕЭС от 4 марта 1974 г. по сближению законодательных актов Государств-членов, относящихся к одобрению типов колесных сельскохозяйственных или лесных тракторов (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 84, 28.3.1974 г., стр.10). Директива, измененная последний раз Решением 95/1/ЕЭС, Евроатом, ECSC (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 1/1/1995 г., стр 1)

    — machines specially designed and constructed for military or police purposes,

    - машины, специально сконструированные и созданные для военных и полицейских целей;

    — lifts which permanently serve specific levels of buildings and constructions, having a car moving between guides which are rigid and inclined at an angle of more than 15 degrees to the horizontal and designed for the transport of:
    (i) persons;
    (ii) persons and goods;
    (iii) goods alone if the car is accessible, that is to say, a person may enter it without difficulty, and fitted with controls situated inside the car or within reach of a person inside,

    - лифты и подъемные устройства, постоянно обслуживающие определенные уровни зданий и конструкций, имеющие транспортную тележку, движущуюся между жесткими направляющими, которые имеют угол наклона более 15 градусов к горизонтальной поверхности и сконструированы для транспортировки:
    (i) людей;
    (ii) людей и имущества;
    (iii) только имущества, в том случае, если кабина лифта открыта, т.е. человек может легко войти в такое транспортное средство и манипулировать средствами управления, находящимися внутри кабины или в пределах досягаемости для человека;

    — means of transport of persons using rack and pinion rail mounted vehicles,

    - транспортные средства для перевозки людей, с использованием зубчатых или реечных рельс, по которым перемещается транспортные средства;

    — mine winding gear,

    - шахтные канатные подъемные устройства;

    — theatre elevators,

    - театральные подъемники;

    — construction site hoists intended for lifting persons or persons and goods.

    - строительные подъемники, предназначенные для подъема людей или людей и грузов.

    4. Where, for machinery or safety components, the risks referred to in this Directive are wholly or partly covered by specific Community Directives, this Directive shall not apply, or shall cease to apply, in the case of such machinery or safety components and of such risks on the implementation of these specific Directives.

    4. Когда для машинного оборудования и компонентов безопасности риски, определенные в настоящей Директиве, полностью или частично покрываются специальными Директивами Сообщества, настоящая Директива не применяется или прекращает свое действие, такое машинное оборудование и компоненты безопасности и такие риски подпадают под действие этих специальных Директив.

    5. Where, for machinery, the risks are mainly of electrical origin, such machinery shall be covered exclusively by Directive 73/23/EEC (2).

    (2) Council Directive 73/23/EEC of 19 February 1973 on the harmonisation of the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (OJ L 77, 26.3.1973, p. 29). Directive as last amended by Directive 93/68/EEC (OJ L 220, 30.8.1993, p. 1).

    5. Когда риски применения машинного оборудования связаны с электрическими источниками, то такое оборудование охватываются исключительно Директивой 73/23/ЕЭС(2).

    (2) Директива Совета 73/23/ЕЭС/ от 19 февраля 1973 года о гармонизации законов Государств-Участников в отношении электрооборудования, предназначенного для использования в условиях определенных пределов напряжения (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 77, 26.03.1973, стр. 29). Директива с последней поправкой Директивой 93/68/ЕЭС (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 220, 30.08.1993, стр.1).

    Article 2
    1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that machinery or safety components covered by this Directive may be placed on the market and put into service only if they do not endanger the health or safety of persons and, where appropriate, domestic animals or property, when properly installed and maintained and used for their intended purpose.

    Статья 2
    1. Государства - члены должны предпринимать все необходимые меры для обеспечения того, чтобы машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности, попадающие под действие настоящей Директивы, поставлялись на рынок и вводились в эксплуатацию, только если они не составляют угрозу для здоровья и безопасности людей и домашних животных, или имуществу при условии надлежащей установки и обслуживания, а также использования по прямому назначению.

    2. This Directive shall not affect Member States’ entitlement to lay down, in due observance of the Treaty, such requirements as they may deem necessary to ensure that persons and in particular workers are protected when using the machinery or safety components in question, provided that this does not mean that the machinery or safety components are modified in a way not specified in the Directive.

    2. Настоящая Директива не ограничивает права Государств - членов устанавливать при должном соблюдении Договора такие требования, которые они посчитают необходимыми для обеспечения защиты людей, особенно работников, при использовании машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, при условии, что модификация такого машинного оборудования и компонентов безопасности была произведена в соответствии с положениями настоящей Директивы.

    3. At trade fairs, exhibitions, demonstrations, etc., Member States shall not prevent the showing of machinery or safety components which do not conform to the provisions of this Directive, provided that a visible sign clearly indicates that such machinery or safety components do not conform and that they are not for sale until they have been brought into conformity by the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community. During demonstrations, adequate safety measures shall be taken to ensure the protection of persons.

    3. На торговых ярмарках, выставках, демонстрациях и т.п. Государства - члены не должны препятствовать демонстрации машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, которые не соответствуют положениям настоящей Директивы, при условии, что видимый знак четко указывает, что такое машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности не соответствуют данной Директиве, и что они не предназначаются для продажи до тех пор, пока изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе не приведет их в полное соответствие с Директивой. Во время демонстраций должны приниматься адекватные меры для обеспечения безопасности граждан.

    Article 3
    Machinery and safety components covered by this Directive shall satisfy the essential health and safety requirements set out in Annex I.

    Статья 3
    Машинное оборудование, а также компоненты безопасности, относящиеся к области действия настоящей Директивы, должны полностью удовлетворять основным требованиям по обеспечению здоровья и безопасности, изложенным в Приложении 1.

    Article 4
    1. Member States shall not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market and putting into service in their territory of machinery and safety components which comply with this Directive.

    Статья 4
    1. Государства - члены не должны запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать поставке на рынок машинного оборудования, а также компонентов безопасности, которые соответствуют
    требованиям настоящей Директивы.

    2. Member States shall not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market of machinery where the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community declares in accordance with point B of Annex II that it is intended to be incorporated into machinery or assembled with other machinery to constitute machinery covered by this Directive, except where it can function independently.

    ‘Interchangeable equipment’, as referred to in the third indent of Article 1(2)(a), must in all cases bear the CE marking and be accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point A.

    2. Государства - члены не должны запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать поставке на рынок машинного оборудования, если изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе заявляет в соответствии с Приложением II B, что они предназначены для включения в машинное оборудование или компоноваться с другим оборудованием, так, что в соединении они составят машинное оборудование, отвечающее требованиям настоящей Директивы, за исключением тех случаев, когда они могут функционировать независимо.

    "Взаимозаменяемое оборудование" в смысле третьего абзаца с черточкой в Статье 1 (2) (a) должно во всех случаях иметь маркировку "СЕ" и сопровождаться декларацией соответствия, определенной в Приложении II, пункте А.

    3. Member States may not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market of safety components as defined in Article 1(2) where they are accompanied by an EC declaration of conformity by the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community as referred to in Annex II, point C.

    3. Государства - члены не имеют права запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать распространению на рынке компонентов безопасности, определенных Статьей 1 (2), если эти компоненты сопровождаются декларацией соответствия ЕС, заявленной изготовителем или его уполномоченным представителем в Сообществе, как определено в Приложении II, пункте С.

    Article 5
    1. Member States shall regard the following as conforming to all the provisions of this Directive, including the procedures for checking the conformity provided for in Chapter II:
    — machinery bearing the CE marking and accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point A,
    — safety components accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point C.

    Статья 5
    1. Государства - члены должны считать нижеследующее соответствующим всем положениям настоящей Директивы, включая процедуры проверки соответствия, предусмотренной в Главе II:
    - машинное оборудование, имеющее маркировку "СЕ" и сопровождаемое декларацией соответствия ЕС, как указано в Приложении II, пункте A;
    - компоненты безопасности, сопровождаемые декларацией соответствия ЕС, как указано в Приложении II, пункте C.

    При отсутствии гармонизированных стандартов Государства - члены должны предпринимать любые меры, которые они сочтут необходимыми, для привлечения внимания заинтересованных сторон к существующим национальным техническим стандартам и спецификациям, которые считаются важными или относятся к выполнению основных требований по обеспечению здоровья и безопасности в соответствии с Приложением 1.

    2. Where a national standard transposing a harmonised standard, the reference for which has been published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, covers one or more of the essential safety requirements, machinery or safety components constructed in accordance with this standard shall be presumed to comply with the relevant essential requirements.
    Member States shall publish the references of national standards transposing harmonised standards.

    2. В тех случаях, когда национальный стандарт, заменяющий гармонизированный стандарт, ссылка на который была опубликована в Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ, покрывает одно или несколько основных требований безопасности, машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности, сконструированные в соответствии с таким стандартом, должны считаться соответствующими основным требованиям.
    Государства - члены должны публиковать ссылки на национальные стандарты, заменяющие гармонизированные стандарты.

    3. Member States shall ensure that appropriate measures are taken to enable the social partners to have an influence at national level on the process of preparing and monitoring the harmonised standards.

    3. Государства - члены должны обеспечивать принятие необходимых мер для того, чтобы их социальные партнеры получали возможность влиять на национальном уровне на процессы подготовки и отслеживания гармонизированных стандартов.

    Article 6
    1. Where a Member State or the Commission considers that the harmonised standards referred to in Article 5(2) do not entirely satisfy the essential requirements referred to in Article 3, the Commission or the Member State concerned shall bring the matter before the committee set up under Directive 83/189/EEC, giving the reasons therefor. The committee shall deliver an opinion without delay.
    Upon receipt of the committee’s opinion, the Commission shall inform the Member States whether or not it is necessary to withdraw those standards from the published information referred to in Article 5(2).

    Статья 6
    1. В случае, если Государство - член или Комиссия считают, что гармонизированные стандарты, рассмотренные в Статье 5 (2), не полностью соответствуют основным требованиям, определенным в Статье 3, Комиссия или заинтересованное Государство - член должны поставить этот вопрос на рассмотрение комитета, созданного в соответствии с Директивой 83/189/ЕЭС, обосновав причины такого обращения. Комитет должен безотлагательно вынести решение.
    После получения такого решения комитета Комиссия должна информировать Государства – члены, необходимо или нет отозвать эти стандарты из опубликованной информации, определенной в Статье 5 (2).

    2. A standing committee shall be set up, consisting of representatives appointed by the Member States and chaired by a representative of the Commission.

    The standing committee shall draw up its own rules of procedure.

    Any matter relating to the implementation and practical application of this Directive may be brought before the standing committee, in accordance with the following procedure:

    The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft, within a time limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a vote.

    The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State shall have the right to ask to have its position recorded in the minutes.
    The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by the committee.
    It shall inform the committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account.

    2. Должен быть создан постоянно действующий комитет, состоящий из представителей, назначенных Государствами – членами, и возглавляемый представителем Комиссии.

    Постоянно действующий комитет будет сам устанавливать порядок действий и процедуры.

    Любой вопрос, относящийся к выполнению и практическому применению настоящей Директивы, может быть поставлен на рассмотрение постоянно действующего комитета, в соответствии со следующими правилами:

    Представитель Комиссии должен представить комитету проект предполагаемых к принятию мер. Комитет должен выразить свое мнение по проекту за время, установленное председателем в соответствии со срочностью вопроса, при необходимости определяемого путем голосования.

    Это мнение должно быть зафиксировано в протоколе; кроме того, каждое Государство - член имеет право потребовать отразить свою позицию в протоколе. Комиссия должна максимально учитывать мнение, вынесенное комитетом.
    Она должна проинформировать комитет, каким образом было учтено его мнение.

    Article 7
    1. Where a Member State ascertains that:
    — machinery bearing the CE marking, or
    — safety components accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity, used in accordance with their intended purpose are liable to endanger the safety of persons, and, where appropriate, domestic animals or property, it shall take all appropriate measures to withdraw such machinery or safety components from the market, to prohibit the placing on the market, putting into service or use thereof, or to restrict free movement thereof.

    Member States shall immediately inform the Commission of any such measure, indicating the reason for its decision and, in particular, whether non-conformity is due to:
    (a) failure to satisfy the essential requirements referred to in Article 3;
    (b) incorrect application of the standards referred to in Article 5(2);
    (c) shortcomings in the standards themselves referred to in Article 5(2).

    Статья 7
    1. Если Государство - член устанавливает, что:
    - машинное оборудование, имеющее маркировку "СЕ", либо
    - компоненты безопасности, сопровождаемые декларацией соответствия ЕС, используемые в соответствии с их назначением, могут нести угрозу безопасности людям, и, если это имеет место, домашним животным или собственности, оно должно принять все необходимые меры для изъятия такого машинного оборудования, либо компонентов безопасности с рынка, запретить их поставку на рынок, ввод в эксплуатацию или использование, либо ограничить их свободное обращение.

    Государства - члены должны немедленно информировать Комиссию о любых подобных мерах, указать причины такого решения и, в особенности, информировать о том, явилось ли это несоответствие результатом:
    a) неспособности удовлетворить основным требованиям, определенным в Статье 3;
    b) неправильного применения стандартов, определенных в Статье 5 (п.2);
    c) недостатков самих стандартов, определенных в Статье 5 (п. 2).

    2. The Commission shall enter into consultation with the parties concerned without delay. Where the Commission considers, after this consultation, that the measure is justified, it shall immediately so inform the Member State which took the initiative and the other Member States. Where the Commission considers, after this consultation, that the action is unjustified, it shall immediately so inform the Member State which took the initiative and the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community.

    Where the decision referred to in paragraph 1 is based on a shortcoming in the standards, and where the Member State at the origin of the decision maintains its position, the Commission shall immediately inform the committee in order to initiate the procedures referred to in Article 6(1).

    2. Комиссия должна безотлагательно провести консультацию с заинтересованными сторонами. В случае, если после проведения такой консультации, Комиссия полагает, что такая мера обоснована, она должна немедленно информировать об этом Государство - член, которое выдвинуло эту инициативу, а также остальные Государства - члены. Если Комиссия после проведения такой консультации полагает, что действия не были обоснованными, она немедленно извещает об этом Государство - член, проявившее инициативу, и изготовителя, либо его уполномоченного представителя в Сообществе.

    Если решение, указанное в параграфе 1, основано на недостатках в стандартах, и если Государство - член на основании такого решения сохраняет свои позиции, то Комиссия должна немедленно информировать комитет для того, чтобы начать процедуры, описанные в Статье 6 (п. 1).

    3. Where:
    — machinery which does not comply bears the CE marking,
    — a safety component which does not comply is accompanied by an EC declaration of conformity,
    the competent Member State shall take appropriate action against whom so ever has affixed the marking or drawn up the declaration and shall so inform the Commission and other Member States.

    3. Если:
    - машинное оборудование, не соответствующие требованиям, имеют маркировку "СЕ",
    - компоненты безопасности, не соответствующие требованиям, имеют декларацию соответствия ЕС,
    компетентное Государство - член должно начать соответствующие действия против любого, кто поставил маркировку, или составил декларацию, и должно проинформировать об этом Комиссию и другие Государства - члены.

    4. The Commission shall ensure that Member States are kept informed of the progress and outcome of this procedure.

    4. Комиссия должна обеспечить, чтобы Государства – члены были постоянно информированы о ходе и результатах данной процедуры.

    CHAPTER II
    CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
    Article 8
    1. The manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community must, in order to certify that machinery and safety components are in conformity with this Directive, draw up for all machinery or safety components manufactured an EC declaration of conformity based on the model given in Annex II, point A or C as appropriate.

    In addition, for machinery alone, the manufacturer or his authorised representatives established in the Community must affix to the machine the CE marking.

    Глава II
    Процедуры оценки соответствия
    Статья 8
    1. Для подтверждения того, что машинное оборудование, а также компоненты безопасности соответствуют положениям настоящей Директивы, изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен составить декларацию ЕС о соответствии на произведенное машинное оборудование и компоненты безопасности по образцу, приведенному в Приложении II, соответственно пунктам A или C.

    Корме того, на машинное оборудование изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен нанести маркировку "СЕ" в соответствии со Статьей 10.

    2. Before placing on the market, the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the Community, shall:
    (a) if the machinery is not referred to in Annex IV, draw up the file provided for in Annex V;
    (b) if the machinery is referred to in Annex IV and its manufacturer does not comply, or only partly complies, with the standards referred to in Article 5(2) or if there are no such standards, submit an example of the machinery for the EC type-examination referred to in Annex VI;
    (c) if the machinery is referred to in Annex IV and is manufactured in accordance with the standards referred to in Article 5(2):
    — either draw up the file referred to in Annex VI and forward it to a notified body, which will acknowledge receipt of the file as soon as possible and keep it,
    — submit the file referred to in Annex VI to the notified body, which will simply verify that the standards referred to in Article 5(2) have been correctly applied and will draw up a certificate of adequacy for the file,
    — or submit the example of the machinery for the EC type-examination referred to in Annex VI.

    2. Перед поставкой на рынок изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен:
    (a) в случае, если машинное оборудование не указано в Приложении IV, составить документацию, предусмотренную Приложением V;
    (b) если машинное оборудование указано в Приложении IV, и их изготовитель не выполняет, либо выполняет лишь частично требования стандартов, упомянутых в Статье 5 (2), либо, если таких стандартов не существует, то представить образец машинного оборудования для его испытания ЕС, определенного в Приложении VI;
    (c) если машинное оборудование указано в Приложении IV и изготовлено в соответствии со стандартами, определенными в Статье 5 (п. 2):
    - либо составить документацию, указанную в Приложении VI, и передать ее нотифицированному органу, который подтверждает получение документации в возможно короткие сроки, а также сохраняет ее;
    - представить документацию, указанную в Приложении VI, нотифицированному органу, который просто проверит, что стандарты, упомянутые в Статье 5 (2), были применены правильно и составит сертификат соответствия по этой документации;
    - либо представить образец машинного оборудования для испытания ЕС типового образца, определенного в Приложении VI.

    3. Where the first indent of paragraph 2(c) of this Article applies, the provisions of the first sentence of paragraphs 5 and 7 of Annex VI shall also apply.

    Where the second indent of paragraph 2(c) of this Article applies, the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 of Annex VI shall also apply.

    3. В тех случаях, когда может быть применен первый абзац параграфа 2 (с) этой Статьи должны также применяться положения первого предложения параграфов 5 и 7 Приложения VI.

    В тех случаях, когда может быть применен второй абзац пункта 2 (с), должны также применяться положения параграфов 5, 6 и 7 Приложения VI.

    4. Where paragraph 2(a) and the first and second indents of paragraph 2(c) apply, the EC declaration of conformity shall solely state conformity with the essential requirements of the Directive.

    Where paragraph 2(b) and the third indent of paragraph 2(c) apply, the EC declaration of conformity shall state conformity with the example that underwent EC type-examination.

    4. В тех случаях, когда применяется параграф 2 (а) и первый и второй абзацы параграфа 2 (c), декларация ЕС о соответствии должна удостоверить соответствие основным требованиям настоящей Директивы.

    В случае, когда применяется параграф 2 (b) и третий абзац параграфа 2 (c), декларация ЕС о соответствии должна удостоверить соответствие образцу, прошедшему испытание ЕС типового образца.

    5. Safety components shall be subject to the certification procedures applicable to machinery pursuant to paragraphs 2, 3 and 4. Furthermore, during EC type-examination, the notified body shall verify the suitability of the safety component for fulfilling the safety functions declared by the manufacturer.

    5.Компоненты безопасности должны подвергаться процедурам сертификации, применимым к машинному оборудованию в соответствии с параграфами 2, 3, 4. Более того, во время испытания ЕС типового образца нотифицированный орган должен проверить пригодность компонентов безопасности для выполнения тех функций безопасности, которые заявлены изготовителем.

    6. (a) Where the machinery is subject to other Directives concerning other aspects and which also provide for the affixing of the CE marking, the latter shall indicate that the machinery is also presumed to conform to the provisions of those other Directives.
    (b) However, where one or more of those Directives allow the manufacturer, during a transitional period, to choose which arrangements to apply, the CE marking shall indicate conformity only to the Directives applied by the manufacturer. In this case, particulars of the Directives applied, as published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, must be given in the documents, notices or instructions required by the directives and accompanying such machinery.

    6. (a) В тех случаях, когда машинное оборудование подпадает под действие Директив по другим аспектам, которые также предусматривают нанесение маркировки "СЕ", последняя указывает, что такое машинное оборудование соответствуют положениям этих прочих директив.
    (b) Тем не менее, когда одна или несколько таких Директив позволяют изготовителям в течение переходного периода выбирать, какие из положений применить, маркировка "СЕ" будет указывать на соответствие только тем Директивам, которые применялись изготовителем. В этом случае подробная информация о примененных Директивах, опубликованных в Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ, должен приводиться в документах, аннотациях или инструкциях, требуемых в соответствии с Директивами, и сопровождать такое машинное оборудование.

    7. Where neither the manufacturer nor his authorised representative established in the Community fulfils the obligations of paragraphs 1 to 6, these obligations shall fall to any person placing the machinery or safety component on the market in the Community. The same obligations shall apply to any person assembling machinery or parts thereof or safety components of various origins or constructing machinery or safety components for his own use.

    7. Если ни изготовитель, ни его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе не выполнят своих обязательств по предыдущим параграфам, то эти обязательства должны быть выполнены любыми лицами, поставляющими машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности на рынок Сообщества. Такие же обязательства возлагаются на любые лица, осуществляющие сборку машинного оборудования, либо его частей или компонентов безопасности различного происхождения, либо создающие машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности для собственного пользования.

    8. The obligations referred to in paragraph 7 shall not apply to persons who assemble with a machine or tractor interchangeable equipment as provided for in Article 1, provided that the parts are compatible and each of the constituent parts of the assembled machine bears the CE marking and is accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity.

    8. Обязательства, изложенные в параграфе 7, не применяются к лицам, которые собирают с машиной, механизмом или транспортным средством взаимозаменяемое оборудование, указанное в Статье 1, при условии, что эти части совместимы, и каждая из частей машины в сборе имеет маркировку "СЕ" и Декларацию ЕС о соответствии.

    Article 9
    1. Member States shall notify the Commission and the other Member States of the approved bodies which they have appointed to carry out the procedures referred to in Article 8 together with the specific tasks which these bodies have been appointed to carry out and the identification numbers assigned to them beforehand by the Commission.
    The Commission shall publish in the Official Journal of the European Communities a list of the notified bodies and their identification numbers and the tasks for which they have been notified. The Commission shall ensure that this list is kept up to date.

    Статья 9
    1. Государства - члены должны уведомить Комиссию и другие Государства - члены об утвержденных органах, которые назначаются для выполнения процедур, описанных в Статье 8, также как и для различных особых задач, которые этим органам предназначено выполнять, и об идентификационных номерах, предварительно присвоенных им Комиссией.

    В Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ Комиссия должна публиковать список таких нотифицированных органов и их идентификационные номера, а также задачи, для решения которых они предназначены. Комиссия должна обеспечить своевременность обновления списка.

    2. Member States shall apply the criteria laid down in Annex VII in assessing the bodies to be indicated in such notification. Bodies meeting the assessment criteria laid down in the relevant harmonised standards shall be presumed to fulfil those criteria.

    2. Государства - члены должны применять критерии, изложенные в Приложении VII, для определения органов, которые будут указаны в таких назначениях. Органы, удовлетворяющие критериям, изложенным в соответствующих гармонизированных стандартах, считаются соответствующими критериям.

    3. A Member State which has approved a body must withdraw its notification if it finds that the body no longer meets the criteria referred to in Annex VII. It shall immediately inform the Commission and the other Member States accordingly.

    3. Государство - член, утвердившее такой орган, должно отменить его назначение, если оно обнаружит, что он больше не соответствует критериям, изложенным в Приложении VII. Государство - член должно немедленно известить об этом Комиссию и другие Государства - члены.

    CHAPTER III
    CE MARKING
    Article 10
    1. The CE conformity marking shall consist of the initials ‘CE’. The form of the marking to be used is shown in Annex III.

    ГЛАВА III
    МАРКИРОВКА "СЕ"
    Статья 10
    1. Маркировка "СЕ" состоит из заглавных букв "СЕ". Форма маркировки, которая будет использоваться, указана в Приложении III.

    2. The CE marking shall be affixed to machinery distinctly and visibly in accordance with point 1.7.3 of Annex I.

    2. Маркировка "СЕ" должна наноситься на машинное оборудование четко, на видном месте в соответствии с пунктом 1.7.3. Приложения I.

    3. The affixing of markings on the machinery which are likely to deceive third parties as to the meaning and form of the CE marking shall be prohibited. Any other marking may be affixed to the machinery provided that the visibility and legibility of the CE marking is not thereby reduced.

    3. Нанесение маркировок на машинное оборудование таким образом, что это может ввести в заблуждение относительно значения и формы маркировки "СЕ", запрещено. Любые другие маркировки могут быть нанесены на машинное оборудование таким образом, чтобы не мешать видимости и различимости маркировки "СЕ".

    4. Without prejudice to Article 7:
    (a) where a Member State establishes that the CE marking has been affixed unduly, the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community shall be obliged to make the product conform as regards the provisions concerning the CE marking and to end the infringement under the conditions imposed by the Member State;

    (b) where non-conformity continues, the Member State must take all appropriate measures to restrict or prohibit the placing on the market of the product in question or to ensure that it is withdrawn from the market in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 7.

    4. Без ограничения применения Статьи 7:
    (a) если Государство - член устанавливает, что маркировка "СЕ" была нанесена неправильно, изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе будет обязан привести продукцию в соответствии с положениями, касающимися маркировки "СЕ" и положить конец нарушениям на условиях, установленных Государством - членом;

    (b) если такое несоответствие будет продолжаться, то Государство - член должно принять все соответствующие меры для ограничения или запрещения поставки на рынок такой продукции, либо обеспечить изъятие ее с рынка в соответствии с процедурами, изложенными в Статье 7.

    CHAPTER IV
    FINAL PROVISIONS
    Article 11
    Any decision taken pursuant to this Directive which restricts the placing on the market and putting into service of machinery or a safety component shall state the exact grounds on which it is based. Such a decision shall be notified as soon as possible to the party concerned, who shall at the same time be informed of the legal remedies available to him under the laws in force in the Member State concerned and of the time limits to which such remedies are subject.

    ГЛАВА IV
    ЗАКЛЮЧИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ
    Статья 11
    Любое решение, принятое в исполнение настоящей Директивы, ограничивающее поставку на рынок и ввод в эксплуатацию машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, должно указывать точные причины, на которых оно основано. Такое решение должно быть по возможности быстро доведено до сведения заинтересованных сторон, их также следует проинформировать о законных мерах, которые могут быть предприняты по действующему законодательству в соответствующем Государстве - члене и о сроках, в которые данные меры применяются.

    Article 12
    The Commission will take the necessary steps to have information on all the relevant decisions relating to the management of this Directive made available.

    Статья 12
    Комиссия предпримет все необходимые шаги для получения информации по всем соответствующим решениям, касающимся применения и распространения настоящей Директивы.

    Article 13
    1. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field governed by this Directive.

    2. The Commission shall, before 1 January 1994, examine the progress made in the standardisation work relating to this Directive and propose any appropriate measures.

    Статья 13
    1. Государства - члены должны передать Комиссии тексты положений национальных законодательных актов, принимаемых в сфере, определяемой настоящей Директивой.

    2. Комиссия должна до 1 января 1994 г. изучить развитие работ по стандартизации, относящиеся к области действия настоящей Директивы и предложить любые целесообразные меры.

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > машинное оборудование

  • 10 a

    prep.
    1 to.
    voy a Madrid I'm going to Madrid
    me voy al extranjero I'm going abroad
    llegó a Buenos Aires/a la fiesta he arrived in Buenos Aires/at the party
    2 at (moment).
    a las siete at seven o'clock
    a los once años at the age of eleven
    al caer la noche at nightfall
    al oír la noticia se desmayó on hearing the news, she fainted
    Llegué al amanecer I arrived at dawn.
    3 per, every (frecuency).
    40 horas a la semana 40 hours per o a week
    tres veces al día three times a day
    4 to.
    dáselo a Ricardo give it to Ricardo
    dile a Ricardo que venga tell Ricardo to come
    5 to.
    entró a pagar he came in to pay
    aprender a nadar to learn to swim
    6 by, about to, for.
    * * *
    A, a
    ► nombre femenino (pl as o aes)
    1 (la letra) A, a
    ————————
    A
    1 ( Alteza) Highness; (abreviatura) H
    ————————
    A
    1 ( autopista) motorway; (abreviatura) M
    ————————
    A
    1 ( amperio) ampere, amp; (símbolo) A
    * * *
    prep.
    1) to
    2) into
    3) in
    4) at
    5) on
    6) with
    * * *
    SF = a (=letra) A, a
    * * *
    a femenino (pl aes) ( read as [a]) the letter A, a
    * * *
    = for, per, to.
    Ex. The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.
    Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.
    Ex. Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.
    ----
    * a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.
    * a alguna parte = someplace.
    * a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.
    * a altas horas de la noche = late at night.
    * a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de = on either side of.
    * a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.
    * a años luz de = light years away from.
    * a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.
    * a bajo coste = low-cost.
    * a bajo costo = low-cost.
    * a bajo nivel = low-level.
    * a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.
    * a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.
    * a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a boca de jarro = at close range.
    * a bocajarro = point blank.
    * a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.
    * a bordo = aboard, on board ship.
    * a bordo de = aboard, onboard.
    * a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.
    * a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * a caballo = on horseback, astride.
    * a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.
    * a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....
    * a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.
    * a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.
    * a cambio = in return.
    * a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.
    * a cambio de nada = for nothing.
    * a cántaros = cats and dogs.
    * a cargo = in the saddle.
    * a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).
    * a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.
    * a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.
    * a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.
    * a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.
    * a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.
    * a chorros = profusely.
    * a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.
    * a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.
    * a cierta distancia = some distance away.
    * a cierta distancia de = off.
    * a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.
    * a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.
    * a cobro revertido = reverse charges.
    * a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].
    * a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.
    * a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.
    * a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.
    * a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.
    * a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.
    * a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.
    * a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.
    * a continuación se enumeran = given below.
    * a contracorriente = against the grain.
    * a contraluz = against the light.
    * a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.
    * a coro = with one voice, in unison.
    * a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.
    * a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.
    * a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.
    * a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a costa de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a criterio de = at the discretion of.
    * a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.
    * a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.
    * a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.
    * a cuatro aguas = hipped.
    * a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.
    * a cuenta de = at the expense of.
    * a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.
    * a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.
    * a cuestas = in tow.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.
    * a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....
    * a demanda = pro re nata.
    * a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.
    * a día de hoy = as of today.
    * a diario = every day.
    * a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a dieta = on a diet.
    * a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).
    * a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.
    * a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * a discreción = at will, no holds barred.
    * a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a disposición de = at the disposal of.
    * a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.
    * a doble espacio = double-spaced.
    * a domicilio = domiciliary.
    * ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.
    * a dos niveles = two-tier.
    * a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.
    * a duras penas = with great difficulty.
    * a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.
    * a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.
    * a él = him.
    * a ellos = them.
    * a escala = drawn-to-scale.
    * a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.
    * a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.
    * a escala natural = full-scale.
    * a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.
    * a eso = thereto.
    * a espaldas de = out of sight of.
    * a estas alturas = by now.
    * a este fin = to this end.
    * a este paso = at this rate.
    * a este respecto = in this respect.
    * a este ritmo = at this rate.
    * a estrenar = brand new.
    * a examen = under the microscope.
    * a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.
    * a excepción de que = except that.
    * a excepción de uno = with one exception.
    * a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.
    * a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.
    * a favor = in favour.
    * a favor de = in favour of.
    * a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.
    * a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.
    * a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].
    * a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.
    * a favor y en contra = pro and con.
    * a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.
    * a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.
    * a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.
    * a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.
    * a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.
    * a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.
    * a fondo perdido = non-refundable.
    * ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.
    * a fuerza de = by dint of.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * a gas = gas-powered.
    * a gatas = on all fours.
    * a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.
    * a granel = in bulk.
    * a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.
    * a gran velocidad = at great speed.
    * a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a gritos = vociferously.
    * a groso modo = crudely.
    * a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.
    * a gusto = at ease, at leisure.
    * a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.
    * a horcajadas = astride.
    * a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.
    * a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].
    * a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.
    * a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.
    * a instancia de = at the urging of.
    * a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.
    * a intervalos = at intervals.
    * a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.
    * a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.
    * a invitación de = at the invitation of.
    * a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].
    * a juicio = on trial.
    * a juicio público = in the public eye.
    * a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.
    * a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].
    * a la alcaldía = mayoral.
    * a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.
    * a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.
    * a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.
    * a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.
    * a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.
    * a la anochecida = at nightfall.
    * a la antigua = old-style.
    * a la antigua usanza = old-style.
    * a la atención de = c/o (care of).
    * a la baja = on the wane.
    * a la brasa = grilled.
    * a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.
    * a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.
    * a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.
    * a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.
    * a la carta = a la carte.
    * a la defensiva = on the defensive.
    * a la derecha = at the right.
    * a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a la deriva = rudderless.
    * a la discreción de = at the discretion of.
    * a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.
    * a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.
    * a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.
    * a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.
    * a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * a la hora del café = at coffee.
    * a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.
    * a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.
    * a la izquierda = at the left.
    * a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.
    * a la ligera = lightly.
    * a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.
    * a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.
    * a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.
    * a la luz del día = in the light of day.
    * a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.
    * a la misma altura que = in the same league as.
    * a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].
    * a la onda = in the know.
    * a la opinión pública = in the public eye.
    * a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.
    * a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.
    * a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.
    * a la perfección = superbly.
    * a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.
    * a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.
    * a la salida = on the way out.
    * a la sazón = at that time.
    * a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.
    * a la semana = a week, per week.
    * a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.
    * a la sombra de = in the shadow of.
    * a las puertas de = on the threshold of.
    * a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.
    * a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.
    * a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.
    * a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.
    * a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.
    * a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.
    * a la venta = on release.
    * a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.
    * a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.
    * a la vista = in sight, within sight.
    * a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.
    * a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.
    * al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.
    * al extremo norte = northernmost.
    * al extremo oeste = westernmost.
    * al hacer esto = in doing so.
    * al norte del estado = upstate.
    * a lo extremo = to the extreme.
    * a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.
    * a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.
    * a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.
    * a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.
    * a lo largo de la historia = over time.
    * a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.
    * a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.
    * a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.
    * a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].
    * a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.
    * a lo lejos = in the distance.
    * a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.
    * a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * a lo mejor = perhaps.
    * a lo que salga = come what may.
    * a los ojos de = in the eyes of.
    * a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del charco = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del océano = across the pond.
    * a lo zombi = zombielike.
    * a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.
    * a mano alzada = by a show of hands.
    * a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a manojos = by the handful.
    * a manos de = at the hands of.
    * a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.
    * a mares = cats and dogs.
    * a más largo plazo = longer-term.
    * a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....
    * a más tardar = at the latest.
    * a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.
    * a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.
    * a mediados de = in the middle decades of.
    * a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.
    * a mediados de semana = midweek.
    * a media jornada = half-time [half time].
    * a media mañana = mid-morning.
    * a medianoche = at midnight.
    * a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.
    * a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.
    * a medida = custom, bespoke.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.
    * a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).
    * a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.
    * a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medio abrir = half-opened.
    * a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a medio comprender = half-understood.
    * a medio formar = half-formed.
    * a medio fuego = medium heat.
    * a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.
    * a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].
    * a medio rimar = half-rhymed.
    * a medio vestir = half dressed.
    * a menor escala = at a reduced rate.
    * a menos que = unless, short of.
    * a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].
    * a merced de = at the mercy of.
    * a mí = me.
    * a mi entender = to my mind.
    * a mi modo de ver = in my books.
    * a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.
    * a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.
    * a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....
    * a mitad de precio = at half price.
    * a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.
    * a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.
    * a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.
    * a modo de advertencia = cautionary.
    * a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de explicación = parenthetically.
    * a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.
    * a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.
    * a modo de prólogo = prefatory.
    * a modo de resumen = wrap-up.
    * a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montones = in droves, by the sackful.
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * a muerte = bitter, bitterly.
    * a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.
    * a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * a nivel de calle = on the ground level.
    * a nivel de la calle = at ground level.
    * a nivel del suelo = at ground level.
    * a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].
    * a nivel federal = federally, federally.
    * a nivel individual = privately.
    * a nivel local = locally, domestically.
    * a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].
    * a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.
    * a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].
    * a nivel privado = privately.
    * a nivel regional = regionally.
    * a nombre de = payable to.
    * a no ser que = unless.
    * a nosotros = us.
    * a ojo = ocular.
    * a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a orillas del océano = oceanfront.
    * a orillas del río = riverfront.
    * a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.
    * a otro sitio = somewhere else.
    * a pares = in pairs.
    * a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).
    * a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.
    * a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.
    * a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.
    * a partir de aquí = hereupon.
    * a partir de ello = therefrom.
    * a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.
    * a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.
    * a partir de este momento = hereinafter.
    * a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.
    * a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.
    * a partir de hoy = as from today.
    * a partir de la medianoche = late night.
    * a partir de los títulos = title-based.
    * a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.
    * a paso ligero = on the double.
    * a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.
    * a pedir de boca = without a hitch.
    * a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].
    * a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.
    * a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.
    * a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.
    * a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.
    * a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.
    * a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.
    * a petición popular = by popular demand.
    * a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.
    * a pilas = battery-operated.
    * a pique = sinking.
    * a placer = at will.
    * a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.
    * a poca distancia = not far behind.
    * a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.
    * a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a porrillo = by the handful.
    * a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.
    * a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.
    * a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.
    * a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.
    * a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.
    * a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.
    * a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.
    * a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.
    * a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.
    * a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.
    * a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.
    * a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.
    * a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.
    * a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de ganga = at a steal.
    * a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.
    * a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).
    * a precio reducido = at a discount.
    * a precios competitivos = competitively priced.
    * a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a precios razonables = at affordable prices.
    * a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.
    * a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.
    * a prisa = quickly.
    * a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.
    * a propósito de = apropos of.
    * a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.
    * a prueba = on trial.
    * a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.
    * a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.
    * a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.
    * a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].
    * a prueba de niños = childproof.
    * a prueba de robos = theft proof.
    * a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.
    * a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * a prueba de viento = windproof.
    * a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.
    * a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.
    * a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.
    * a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.
    * a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.
    * a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.
    * a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.
    * a quemarropa = point blank.
    * a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.
    * a quienquiera que = whomever.
    * a rachas = by fits and starts.
    * a ráfagas = in bursts.
    * a raíz de = in the wake of.
    * a rajatabla = to the letter.
    * a ras de = flush with.
    * a ras de la calle = ground-floor.
    * a ras del suelo = at ground level.
    * a rastras = in tow.
    * a ratos = intermittently.
    * a reacción = jet-assisted.
    * a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a régimen = on a diet.
    * a remolque = in tow.
    * a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a saber = namely, viz, to wit.
    * a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].
    * a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.
    * a sacudidas = jerkily.
    * a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.
    * a sangre fría = cold-blooded.
    * a ser posible = if possible.
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.
    * a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.
    * a sueldo = paid.
    * a su precio normal = at full price.
    * a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.
    * a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.
    * a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.
    * a tal efecto = to this effect.
    * a tales efectos = hereto.
    * a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.
    * a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.
    * a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.
    * a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.
    * a ti = you, thee.
    * a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.
    * a tiempo completo = full-time.
    * a tiempo parcial = part-time.
    * a tientas = in the dark.
    * a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.
    * a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.
    * a tiro = within gunshot, within range.
    * a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a título de = by way of, for the sake of.
    * a título gratuito = gratuitous.
    * a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.
    * a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.
    * a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.
    * a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * a todas partes = far and wide.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a todo alrededor = all round.
    * a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.
    * a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo lo largo de = the length of.
    * a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a todos lados = far and wide.
    * a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a todos nosotros = us all.
    * a todos por igual = one size fits all.
    * a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo volumen = at full blast.
    * a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.
    * a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.
    * a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.
    * a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.
    * a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.
    * a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de la historia = over time.
    * a través de la TI = IT-enabled.
    * a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de los años = over the years, down the years.
    * a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.
    * a través de los siglos = over the centuries.
    * a través del teléfono = call-in.
    * a través del tiempo = over time.
    * a través de operador = operator-assisted.
    * a tres bandas = three pronged.
    * a tres niveles = three-tiered.
    * a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a trompicones = by fits and starts.
    * a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.
    * a trozos = piecewise.
    * ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.
    * a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.
    * a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.
    [b]* a últ
    * * *
    a femenino (pl aes) ( read as [a]) the letter A, a
    * * *
    = for, per, to.

    Ex: The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.

    Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.
    Ex: Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.
    * a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.
    * a alguna parte = someplace.
    * a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.
    * a altas horas de la noche = late at night.
    * a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de = on either side of.
    * a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.
    * a años luz de = light years away from.
    * a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.
    * a bajo coste = low-cost.
    * a bajo costo = low-cost.
    * a bajo nivel = low-level.
    * a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.
    * a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.
    * a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a boca de jarro = at close range.
    * a bocajarro = point blank.
    * a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.
    * a bordo = aboard, on board ship.
    * a bordo de = aboard, onboard.
    * a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.
    * a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * a caballo = on horseback, astride.
    * a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.
    * a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....
    * a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.
    * a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.
    * a cambio = in return.
    * a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.
    * a cambio de nada = for nothing.
    * a cántaros = cats and dogs.
    * a cargo = in the saddle.
    * a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).
    * a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.
    * a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.
    * a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.
    * a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.
    * a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.
    * a chorros = profusely.
    * a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.
    * a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.
    * a cierta distancia = some distance away.
    * a cierta distancia de = off.
    * a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.
    * a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.
    * a cobro revertido = reverse charges.
    * a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].
    * a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.
    * a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.
    * a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.
    * a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.
    * a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.
    * a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.
    * a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.
    * a continuación se enumeran = given below.
    * a contracorriente = against the grain.
    * a contraluz = against the light.
    * a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.
    * a coro = with one voice, in unison.
    * a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.
    * a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.
    * a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.
    * a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a costa de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a criterio de = at the discretion of.
    * a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.
    * a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.
    * a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.
    * a cuatro aguas = hipped.
    * a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.
    * a cuenta de = at the expense of.
    * a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.
    * a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.
    * a cuestas = in tow.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.
    * a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....
    * a demanda = pro re nata.
    * a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.
    * a día de hoy = as of today.
    * a diario = every day.
    * a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a dieta = on a diet.
    * a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).
    * a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.
    * a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * a discreción = at will, no holds barred.
    * a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a disposición de = at the disposal of.
    * a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.
    * a doble espacio = double-spaced.
    * a domicilio = domiciliary.
    * ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.
    * a dos niveles = two-tier.
    * a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.
    * a duras penas = with great difficulty.
    * a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.
    * a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.
    * a él = him.
    * a ellos = them.
    * a escala = drawn-to-scale.
    * a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.
    * a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.
    * a escala natural = full-scale.
    * a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.
    * a eso = thereto.
    * a espaldas de = out of sight of.
    * a estas alturas = by now.
    * a este fin = to this end.
    * a este paso = at this rate.
    * a este respecto = in this respect.
    * a este ritmo = at this rate.
    * a estrenar = brand new.
    * a examen = under the microscope.
    * a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.
    * a excepción de que = except that.
    * a excepción de uno = with one exception.
    * a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.
    * a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.
    * a favor = in favour.
    * a favor de = in favour of.
    * a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.
    * a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.
    * a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].
    * a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.
    * a favor y en contra = pro and con.
    * a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.
    * a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.
    * a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.
    * a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.
    * a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.
    * a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.
    * a fondo perdido = non-refundable.
    * ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.
    * a fuerza de = by dint of.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * a gas = gas-powered.
    * a gatas = on all fours.
    * a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.
    * a granel = in bulk.
    * a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.
    * a gran velocidad = at great speed.
    * a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a gritos = vociferously.
    * a groso modo = crudely.
    * a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.
    * a gusto = at ease, at leisure.
    * a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.
    * a horcajadas = astride.
    * a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.
    * a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].
    * a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.
    * a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.
    * a instancia de = at the urging of.
    * a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.
    * a intervalos = at intervals.
    * a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.
    * a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.
    * a invitación de = at the invitation of.
    * a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].
    * a juicio = on trial.
    * a juicio público = in the public eye.
    * a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.
    * a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].
    * a la alcaldía = mayoral.
    * a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.
    * a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.
    * a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.
    * a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.
    * a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.
    * a la anochecida = at nightfall.
    * a la antigua = old-style.
    * a la antigua usanza = old-style.
    * a la atención de = c/o (care of).
    * a la baja = on the wane.
    * a la brasa = grilled.
    * a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.
    * a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.
    * a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.
    * a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.
    * a la carta = a la carte.
    * a la defensiva = on the defensive.
    * a la derecha = at the right.
    * a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a la deriva = rudderless.
    * a la discreción de = at the discretion of.
    * a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.
    * a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.
    * a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.
    * a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.
    * a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * a la hora del café = at coffee.
    * a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.
    * a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.
    * a la izquierda = at the left.
    * a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.
    * a la ligera = lightly.
    * a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.
    * a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.
    * a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.
    * a la luz del día = in the light of day.
    * a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.
    * a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.
    * a la misma altura que = in the same league as.
    * a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].
    * a la onda = in the know.
    * a la opinión pública = in the public eye.
    * a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.
    * a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.
    * a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.
    * a la perfección = superbly.
    * a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.
    * a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.
    * a la salida = on the way out.
    * a la sazón = at that time.
    * a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.
    * a la semana = a week, per week.
    * a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.
    * a la sombra de = in the shadow of.
    * a las puertas de = on the threshold of.
    * a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.
    * a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.
    * a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.
    * a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.
    * a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.
    * a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.
    * a la venta = on release.
    * a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.
    * a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.
    * a la vista = in sight, within sight.
    * a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.
    * a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.
    * al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.
    * al extremo norte = northernmost.
    * al extremo oeste = westernmost.
    * al hacer esto = in doing so.
    * al norte del estado = upstate.
    * a lo extremo = to the extreme.
    * a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.
    * a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.
    * a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.
    * a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.
    * a lo largo de la historia = over time.
    * a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.
    * a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.
    * a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.
    * a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].
    * a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.
    * a lo lejos = in the distance.
    * a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.
    * a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * a lo mejor = perhaps.
    * a lo que salga = come what may.
    * a los ojos de = in the eyes of.
    * a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del charco = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del océano = across the pond.
    * a lo zombi = zombielike.
    * a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.
    * a mano alzada = by a show of hands.
    * a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a manojos = by the handful.
    * a manos de = at the hands of.
    * a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.
    * a mares = cats and dogs.
    * a más largo plazo = longer-term.
    * a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....
    * a más tardar = at the latest.
    * a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.
    * a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.
    * a mediados de = in the middle decades of.
    * a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.
    * a mediados de semana = midweek.
    * a media jornada = half-time [half time].
    * a media mañana = mid-morning.
    * a medianoche = at midnight.
    * a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.
    * a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.
    * a medida = custom, bespoke.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.
    * a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).
    * a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.
    * a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medio abrir = half-opened.
    * a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a medio comprender = half-understood.
    * a medio formar = half-formed.
    * a medio fuego = medium heat.
    * a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.
    * a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].
    * a medio rimar = half-rhymed.
    * a medio vestir = half dressed.
    * a menor escala = at a reduced rate.
    * a menos que = unless, short of.
    * a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].
    * a merced de = at the mercy of.
    * a mí = me.
    * a mi entender = to my mind.
    * a mi modo de ver = in my books.
    * a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.
    * a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.
    * a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....
    * a mitad de precio = at half price.
    * a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.
    * a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.
    * a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.
    * a modo de advertencia = cautionary.
    * a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de explicación = parenthetically.
    * a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.
    * a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.
    * a modo de prólogo = prefatory.
    * a modo de resumen = wrap-up.
    * a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montones = in droves, by the sackful.
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * a muerte = bitter, bitterly.
    * a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.
    * a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * a nivel de calle = on the ground level.
    * a nivel de la calle = at ground level.
    * a nivel del suelo = at ground level.
    * a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].
    * a nivel federal = federally, federally.
    * a nivel individual = privately.
    * a nivel local = locally, domestically.
    * a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].
    * a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.
    * a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].
    * a nivel privado = privately.
    * a nivel regional = regionally.
    * a nombre de = payable to.
    * a no ser que = unless.
    * a nosotros = us.
    * a ojo = ocular.
    * a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a orillas del océano = oceanfront.
    * a orillas del río = riverfront.
    * a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.
    * a otro sitio = somewhere else.
    * a pares = in pairs.
    * a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).
    * a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.
    * a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.
    * a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.
    * a partir de aquí = hereupon.
    * a partir de ello = therefrom.
    * a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.
    * a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.
    * a partir de este momento = hereinafter.
    * a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.
    * a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.
    * a partir de hoy = as from today.
    * a partir de la medianoche = late night.
    * a partir de los títulos = title-based.
    * a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.
    * a paso ligero = on the double.
    * a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.
    * a pedir de boca = without a hitch.
    * a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].
    * a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.
    * a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.
    * a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.
    * a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.
    * a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.
    * a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.
    * a petición popular = by popular demand.
    * a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.
    * a pilas = battery-operated.
    * a pique = sinking.
    * a placer = at will.
    * a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.
    * a poca distancia = not far behind.
    * a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.
    * a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a porrillo = by the handful.
    * a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.
    * a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.
    * a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.
    * a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.
    * a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.
    * a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.
    * a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.
    * a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.
    * a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.
    * a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.
    * a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.
    * a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.
    * a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.
    * a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de ganga = at a steal.
    * a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.
    * a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).
    * a precio reducido = at a discount.
    * a precios competitivos = competitively priced.
    * a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a precios razonables = at affordable prices.
    * a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.
    * a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.
    * a prisa = quickly.
    * a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.
    * a propósito de = apropos of.
    * a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.
    * a prueba = on trial.
    * a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.
    * a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.
    * a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.
    * a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].
    * a prueba de niños = childproof.
    * a prueba de robos = theft proof.
    * a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.
    * a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * a prueba de viento = windproof.
    * a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.
    * a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.
    * a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.
    * a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.
    * a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.
    * a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.
    * a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.
    * a quemarropa = point blank.
    * a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.
    * a quienquiera que = whomever.
    * a rachas = by fits and starts.
    * a ráfagas = in bursts.
    * a raíz de = in the wake of.
    * a rajatabla = to the letter.
    * a ras de = flush with.
    * a ras de la calle = ground-floor.
    * a ras del suelo = at ground level.
    * a rastras = in tow.
    * a ratos = intermittently.
    * a reacción = jet-assisted.
    * a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a régimen = on a diet.
    * a remolque = in tow.
    * a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a saber = namely, viz, to wit.
    * a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].
    * a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.
    * a sacudidas = jerkily.
    * a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.
    * a sangre fría = cold-blooded.
    * a ser posible = if possible.
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.
    * a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.
    * a sueldo = paid.
    * a su precio normal = at full price.
    * a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.
    * a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.
    * a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.
    * a tal efecto = to this effect.
    * a tales efectos = hereto.
    * a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.
    * a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.
    * a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.
    * a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.
    * a ti = you, thee.
    * a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.
    * a tiempo completo = full-time.
    * a tiempo parcial = part-time.
    * a tientas = in the dark.
    * a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.
    * a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.
    * a tiro = within gunshot, within range.
    * a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a título de = by way of, for the sake of.
    * a título gratuito = gratuitous.
    * a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.
    * a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.
    * a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.
    * a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * a todas partes = far and wide.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a todo alrededor = all round.
    * a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.
    * a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo lo largo de = the length of.
    * a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a todos lados = far and wide.
    * a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a todos nosotros = us all.
    * a todos por igual = one size fits all.
    * a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo volumen = at full blast.
    * a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.
    * a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.
    * a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.
    * a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.
    * a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.
    * a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de la historia = over time.
    * a través de la TI = IT-enabled.
    * a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de los años = over the years, down the years.
    * a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.
    * a través de los siglos = over the centuries.
    * a través del teléfono = call-in.
    * a través del tiempo = over time.
    * a través de operador = operator-assisted.
    * a tres bandas = three pronged.
    * a tres niveles = three-tiered.
    * a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a trompicones = by fits and starts.
    * a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.
    * a trozos = piecewise.
    * ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.
    * a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.
    * a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.
    * a últ

    * * *
    a
    La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.
    No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan como quien, alguien, etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, pasear al perro = to walk the dog.
    En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.
    A (en relaciones de espacio, lugar)
    voy a México/a la fiesta I'm going to Mexico/to the party
    voy a casa I'm going home
    dobla a la derecha turn right
    se cayó al río she fell into the river
    estaban sentados a la mesa they were sitting at the table
    a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro
    se sentó al sol he sat in the sun
    se sentó a mi derecha he sat down to the right of me o on my right
    a la vuelta de la esquina around the corner
    queda al norte de Toledo it's (to the) north of Toledo
    3
    (indicando distancia): está a diez kilómetros de aquí it's ten kilometers from here, it's ten kilometers away
    está a unos 20 minutos de aquí it takes o it's about 20 minutes from here, it's a 20 minute drive ( o walk etc) from here
    1 (señalando hora, momento, fecha) at
    abren a las ocho they open at eight o'clock
    ¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?
    a eso de las dos at around o about two o'clock
    a mediados de abril in mid-April
    hoy estamos a 20 it's the 20th today
    al día siguiente the next o following day
    empezó a hablar a los diez meses he started talking when he was ten months old o at ten months
    llegó a la mañana/noche ( RPl); he arrived in the morning/at night
    2 al + INF:
    se cayó al bajar del autobús she fell as she was getting off the bus
    al verlo me di cuenta de que ya no lo quería when I saw him o on seeing him, I realized that I no longer loved him
    al salir de la estación torcí a la izquierda I turned left out of the station
    3
    (indicando distancia en el tiempo): a escasos minutos de su llegada (después) just a few minutes after she arrived; (antes) just a few minutes before she arrived
    trabajan de lunes a viernes/de una a cinco they work (from) Monday to Friday/from one to five
    a los diez minutos del primer tiempo ten minutes into the first half o after ten minutes of the first half
    estaré en París de martes a jueves I'll be in Paris from Tuesday until Thursday, I'll be in Paris Tuesday through Thursday ( AmE)
    C
    (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia): tres veces al día/a la semana three times a day/a week
    sale a 2.000 euros por cabeza it works out at 2,000 euros per person
    iban a 100 kilómetros por hora they were going (at) 100 kilometers per hour
    nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us by five points to three, they beat us five three o ( AmE) five to three
    D
    (indicando modo, estilo): fuimos a pie/a caballo we walked/rode, we went on foot/on horseback
    pollo al horno/a la brasa roast/barbecued chicken
    un peinado a lo Rodolfo Valentino a Rudolph Valentino hairstyle
    a crédito on credit
    ilustraciones a todo color full-color illustrations
    una tela a rayas a piece of striped material
    1
    (introduciendo el complemento directo de persona): ¿viste a José? did you see José?
    la policía está buscando al asesino the police are looking for the murderer
    no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud
    busca una secretaria bilingüe he's looking for a bilingual secretary
    ]
    2
    (introduciendo el complemento indirecto): le escribió una carta a su padre he wrote a letter to his father, he wrote his father a letter
    dáselo/dáselos a ella give it/them to her
    les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English
    suave al tacto soft to the touch
    agradable al oído pleasing to the ear
    3
    (indicando procedencia): se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o ( colloq) off a gipsy
    F
    enséñale a nadar teach him to swim
    fue a preguntar he went to ask
    a que + SUBJ:
    los instó a que participaran he urged them to take part
    voy a ir a que me hagan un chequeo I'm going to go and have a checkup
    2 ( fam)
    (para): ¿a qué tanta ceremonia? what's all the fuss for?
    ¿a qué le fuiste a decir eso? what did you go and tell him that for?
    3
    a por ( Esp fam): bajo a por pan I'm going down to get some bread o for some bread ( colloq)
    ¿quién va a ir a por los niños? who's going to fetch o get the children?
    ¡a por ello! go for it!
    los puntos a tratar en la reunión de mañana the points to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting
    es una idea a tener en cuenta it's an idea to bear in mind o that should be borne in mind
    total a pagar total payable
    horario a convenir hours to be arranged
    H
    1
    (en órdenes): ¡a la cama, niños! off to bed, children!
    ¡a callar! shut up! ( colloq)
    vamos ¡a trabajar! come on, let's get some work done!
    a decir verdad to tell you the truth
    a juzgar por lo que tú dices judging from what you say
    3 ( fam)
    (en cuanto a): a tozudo no hay quien le gane when it comes to being stubborn there's nobody like him
    4
    (indicando causa): a petición del interesado ( frml); at the request of the interested party
    al + INF:
    al no saber idiomas está en desventaja as he doesn't speak any languages he is at a disadvantage, he's at a disadvantage not speaking any languages
    5
    (expresando desafío): ¿a que no sabes qué nota me puso? you'll never guess what mark she gave me!
    tú no te atreverías — ¿a que sí? you wouldn't dare — do you want to o a bet? ( colloq)
    ¡a que no puedes! bet you can't! ( colloq)
    * * *

    Multiple Entries:
    A    
    a
    A,
    ◊ a sustantivo femenino (pl aes) (read as /a/) the letter A, a

    a preposición Nota:
    La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.
    1

    ◊ voy a México/la tienda I'm going to Mexico/to the shop;

    voy a casa I'm going home;
    se cayó al río she fell into the river


    a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro;
    se sentó al sol he sat in the sun;
    se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my right


    2
    a) (señalando hora, momento) at;


    a la hora de comer at lunch time;
    ¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?;
    a mediados de abril in mid-April;
    al día siguiente the next o following day

    ◊ hoy estamos a lunes/a 20 today is Monday/it's the 20th today

    c) al + inf:


    al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news



    ( antes) a few minutes before she arrived;

    3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia):

    sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each;
    a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour;
    nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three
    4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):
    ◊ a pie/a caballo on foot/on horseback;

    a crédito on credit;
    funciona a pilas it runs on batteries;
    a mano by hand;
    a rayas striped;
    vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes
    5

    ◊ ¿viste a José? did you see José?;

    no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud


    dáselo a ella give it to her;
    les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English;
    le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the door

    ◊ se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o (colloq) off a gipsy

    A, a f (letra) A
    'A' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    a. C.
    - a.m.
    - abajeña
    - abajeño
    - abanderada
    - abanderado
    - abandonar
    - abandonada
    - abandonado
    - abanico
    - abarquillada
    - abarquillado
    - abarrotada
    - abarrotado
    - abasto
    - abatida
    - abatido
    - abatirse
    - abdicar
    - aberración
    - abertura
    - abierta
    - abierto
    - abigarrada
    - abigarrado
    - abigarrar
    - ablandar
    - ablusada
    - ablusado
    - abnegada
    - abnegado
    - abobada
    - abobado
    - abocada
    - abocado
    - abogacía
    - abogada
    - abogado
    - abombada
    - abombado
    - abonar
    - abonada
    - abonado
    - abonarse
    - abono
    - abordar
    - abordaje
    - aborregar
    - abortar
    - abortiva
    English:
    A
    - A-level
    - a.m.
    - abandon
    - abandoned
    - abide by
    - ability
    - abject
    - abnormal
    - aboard
    - aborigine
    - abortion
    - abortive
    - about
    - above
    - above-board
    - above-mentioned
    - abrasive
    - abreast
    - abridged
    - abrupt
    - absent
    - absent-minded
    - absolute
    - absolutely
    - absorbed
    - abstemious
    - abstract
    - absurd
    - abundant
    - abuse
    - abusive
    - abysmal
    - academic
    - academy
    - accede
    - accent
    - acceptable
    - access
    - accident-prone
    - accidental
    - accidentally
    - acclimatized
    - accommodate
    - accommodation
    - accomplish
    - accomplished
    - account
    - account for
    - accountable
    * * *
    A
    1. (abrev de autopista) Br M, US freeway
    2. (abrev de alfil) [en notación de ajedrez] B
    A, a [a] nf
    [letra] A, a;
    si por a o por be… if for any reason…
    * * *
    a
    prp
    al este de to the east of;
    a casa home;
    ir a la cama/al cine go to bed/to the movies;
    ¡a trabajar! get to work!;
    vamos a Buenos Aires we’re going to Buenos Aires;
    voy a casa de Marta I’m going to Marta’s (house)
    a la mesa at the table;
    al lado de next to;
    a la derecha on the right;
    al sol in the sun;
    a treinta kilómetros de Cuzco thirty kilometers from Cuzco;
    está a cinco kilómetros it’s five kilometers away
    :
    ¿a qué hora llegas? what time do you arrive?;
    a las tres at three o’clock;
    de once a doce from eleven (o’clock) to twelve;
    estamos a quince de febrero it’s February fifteenth;
    a los treinta años at the age of thirty;
    a la llegada del tren when the train arrives
    :
    a la española the Spanish way;
    a mano by hand;
    a pie on foot;
    a 50 kilómetros por hora at fifty kilometers an hour
    :
    ¿a cómo o
    cuánto está? how much is it?;
    están a dos pesos el kilo they are two pesos a kilo
    :
    dáselo a tu hermano give it to your brother
    :
    vi a mi padre I saw my father
    :
    empezar a begin to;
    jugar a las cartas play cards;
    decidirse a hacer algo decide to do sth;
    voy a comprarlo I’m going to buy it;
    a decir verdad to tell the truth
    :
    ¿a que no lo sabes? I bet you don’t know;
    a ver OK, right;
    a ver lo que pasa ahora let’s see what happens now
    abr (= alias) aka (= also known as)
    * * *
    a nf
    : first letter of the Spanish alphabet
    a prep
    1) : to
    nos vamos a México: we're going to Mexico
    ¿llamaste a tu papá?: did you call your dad?
    como a usted le guste: as you wish
    3) : in the manner of
    papas a la francesa: french fries
    4) : on, by means of
    a pie: on foot
    5) : per, each
    tres pastillas al día: three pills per day
    enséñales a leer: teach them to read
    problemas a resolver: problems to be solved
    * * *
    a prep
    3. (distancia) away
    está a un kilómetro de aquí it's one kilometre from here / it's one kilometre away
    4. (tiempo) at
    5. (distribución, cantidad, medida, precio) a / at
    tocamos a 1.000 cada uno it works out at 1,000 each
    fui a pie I walked / I went on foot
    hecho a mano handmade / made by hand
    ¿has visto a Iván? have you seen Iván?
    9. (para) for
    10. (de) from

    Spanish-English dictionary > a

  • 11 todo

    adj.
    1 all, the whole of, all of.
    Toda la mañana All morning. Perdió todo su dinero=He lost all his money.
    2 every, each.
    Todo carro que.. All car that....
    3 entire.
    adv.
    all.
    pron.
    everything, absolutely everything, all, all the lot.
    m.
    whole, unity, entirety.
    * * *
    3 (cada) every
    4 (igual) like, exactly like, the image of
    1 (sin excluir nada) all, everything
    2 (cualquiera) anybody
    1 (totalidad) whole
    2 (en charadas) all, whole
    1 completely, totally, all
    \
    así y todo in spite of everything
    a todo esto (por cierto) by the way 2 (mientras) in the meantime
    con todo in spite of everything
    de todas formas / después de todo anyway, after all
    del todo completely, entirely
    eso es todo that's all, that's it
    estar en todo to be really with it, know what's going on
    fue todo uno familiar it all happened at once
    hay de todo there are all sorts
    por todo,-a all over
    ser todo uno familiar to be all the same thing
    todo el mundo everybody
    todo lo contrario quite the opposite, quite the contrary
    todo lo más at the most
    todo quisque / todo Dios familiar every Tom, Dick and Harry
    todos y cada uno each and everyone
    ————————
    1 (totalidad) whole
    2 (en charadas) all, whole
    1 completely, totally, all
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. (f. - toda)
    pron.
    all, everything
    - todas 3. adv.
    wholly, entirely
    4. (f. - toda)
    adj.
    1) every, each
    2) all, whole, entire
    •
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [en singular] (=en su totalidad) all

    todo lo que usted necesite — everything o whatever you need

    con todo lo listo que es, no es capaz de resolver esto — clever as he is o for all his intelligence, he can't solve this problem

    • todo lo demás — all the rest

    • a o con toda prisa — in all haste, with all speed

    • a toda velocidad — at full speed

    a todo esto, la orquesta siguió tocando — meanwhile, the band kept on playing

    a todo esto, ¿os apetece ir al cine? — by the way, would you like to go to the cinema?

    a todo esto, no nos olvidemos de llamarla — while we're on the subject, we mustn't forget to phone her

    cuanto, mundo
    2) [en plural]
    a) [en un conjunto] all
    b) (=cada) every
    forma 2)
    3) [con valor enfático]

    es todo un hombre — he's every inch a man, he's a real man

    más 1., 2), d)
    4) (=del todo)
    2. PRON
    1) [en singular]

    lo han vendido todo — they've sold the lot, they've sold it all

    todo el que quiera... — everyone o anyone who wants to...

    todo a cien — ≈ pound store, ≈ dollar store (EEUU), shop selling everyday items at low prices

    2) [en plural] (=cosas) all (of them); (=personas) everybody, everyone

    todos estaban de acuerdo — everybody o everyone agreed

    todos los que quieran venir — all those who want to come, anyone who wants to come

    3) [locuciones con preposición]

    • ir a todo — to be prepared to do or die

    • ante todo — first of all, in the first place

    • con todo, con todo y — in spite of

    el coche, con todo y ser nuevo... — the car, in spite of being new..., despite the fact that the car was new...

    con todo (y con eso) — still, nevertheless

    con todo y con eso llegamos una hora tarde — we still arrived an hour late, nevertheless we arrived an hour late

    • de todo, lo llamaron de todo — they called him every name under the sun

    nos pasó de todo — everything possible happened to us, you name it, it happened to us

    • del todo — wholly, entirely

    • después de todo — after all

    de todas todas —

    ¡te digo que sí de todas todas! — I tell you it jolly well is!

    botica 1), pesar 4., 3), sobre II, 9)
    3.
    SM

    como o en un todo — as a whole

    jugar 3. TODO ► Para traducir el adjetivo todo con el sentido de en su totalidad se usa all, seguido del sustantivo en singular y sin determinante: Se pasó toda la tarde viendo la tele He spent all afternoon watching TV ► Con el mismo sentido anterior, también se puede traducir por whole o entire, este último es más enfático. En este caso, el indefinido tiene que ir acompañado de un sustantivo contable en singular y precedido por un determinante: Se pasó toda la tarde viendo la tele He spent the whole o the entire afternoon watching TV ► Todos se traduce por every cuando se hace hincapié en todos y cada uno de los individuos de un grupo de personas o cosas y también cuando se habla de acciones repetidas: Todos los niños deben llevar el uniforme del colegio Every child must wear school uniform Salimos a cenar todos los viernes We go out for dinner every Friday El sustantivo que sigue a every va en singular y nunca lleva determinante. El verbo va también en singular. ► Cuando todos se emplea para generalizar, se traduce por all. En este caso el sustantivo que sigue a all no lleva determinante: Todos los alemanes saben hablar inglés All Germans can speak English ► Todos también se traduce por all para referirse al conjunto de individuos de un grupo pero, a diferencia de every, sin dar importancia a los elementos. En este caso el sustantivo lleva determinante y va en plural, como el verbo: Todos los libros de la biblioteca eran antiguos All the books in the library were old
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1) ( la totalidad de) all

    nos comimos todo el pan/todos los bombones — we ate all the bread/chocolates

    toda la mañana — all morning, the whole morning

    2) (cualquier, cada)

    todo artículo importado — all imported items, any imported item

    todos los días/los años — every day/year

    a todo esto — ( mientras tanto) meanwhile, in the meantime; ( a propósito) incidentally, by the way

    II

    el/un todo — the/a whole

    jugarse el todo por el todo — to risk o gamble everything on one throw

    III
    - da pronombre
    1)
    a) ( sin excluir nada) everything

    ¿eso es todo? — is that all?

    b)

    todos/todas — ( referido a - cosas) all; (- a personas) all, everybody

    vinieron todos — they all came, everybody came

    ¿están todos? — is everyone o everybody here?

    ¿estamos todos? — are we all here?

    con todo (y eso) — (fam) ( aun así) all the same, even so

    con todo, sigo pensando que... — all the same o even so I still think that...

    de todo: come de todo she'll eat anything; venden de todo they sell everything o all sorts of things; hace de todo un poco he does a bit of everything; del todo totally; no es del todo cierto it's not entirely o totally true; y todo: enfermo y todo, vino a trabajar sick as he was, he still came to work; tuvo que venir la policía y todo (fam) the police had to come and everything (colloq); de todas, todas (fam): ¿es verdad? - de todas, todas is it true? - you bet it is! (colloq); ganó de todas, todas he won by a mile (colloq); me las pagará todas juntas one of these days I'll get even with him for all of this; no tenerlas todas consigo — to be a little worried o uneasy

    3) (como adv)
    a) ( completamente) all

    está toda entusiasmada con el viaje — she's all o terribly excited about the trip

    * * *
    = all, complete, every, everything, whole affair, the, wholeness, the full monty, the whole lot, at large, the works!, the whole thing, the entire length of.
    Ex. All returned documents must be checked for the presence of a hold on the title.
    Ex. The main entry is the complete catalogue record of the document.
    Ex. The directory is a finding list which lists for every field its tag, the number of characters in the field, and the starting character position of the field within the record.
    Ex. The CLEAR key erases everything on the screen.
    Ex. The whole affair, assembled and compressed, could be lugged off in a moving van.
    Ex. The part chosen should have a unity of its own, a wholeness that offers a complete experience without at the same time giving away everything.
    Ex. The article ' The digital full monty?' forecasts that the world of information is likely to be dominated by global giants on the one hand and selective niche providers on the other.
    Ex. Alternatively the printer might not have ordered enough paper for the whole book, either because he miscalculated or because he could not afford to buy the whole lot at once = Por otro lado, el impresor podría no haber encargado suficiente papel para imprimir el libro entero, bien porque lo calculó mal o porque no podía permitirse el lujo de comprarlo todo de una vez.
    Ex. The committee will be expected to produce an annual report to the members at large.
    Ex. Whole cities laid to waste, heroes falling in battle, death of gods, the works!.
    Ex. The truth is that I'm pretty upset about the whole thing and don't have very warm feelings towards the makers of these products.
    Ex. It tells the story of one man's absurd quest to become the first person to walk the entire length of the Amazon River.
    ----
    * ¡a por todas! = go for it!.
    * abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.
    * abarcarlo todo = be all inclusive.
    * absolutamente todo = anything and everything, the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * absolver a Alguien de todos los cargos = acquit + Nombre + on all counts.
    * acaparar toda la atención = steal + the limelight.
    * accesible por todos = widely accessible.
    * acceso para todos = access for all.
    * aceptado por todos = widely accepted.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * afectar a todo el país = sweep + the country.
    * ahorros de toda la vida = life-time savings, life savings.
    * ahorros de toda una vida = life savings.
    * al alcance de todos = within everybody's reach, within everyone's reach, accessible to everyone, accessible to everybody.
    * al igual que con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.
    * antes de todo = before anything else, first off.
    * ante todo = first and foremost, before anything else, more than anything else, first of all, above all, above all things.
    * a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.
    * a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.
    * aprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong education.
    * a toda costa = absolutely, come what may, at all costs, at any cost, at any price.
    * a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.
    * a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * a todas partes = far and wide.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a todo alrededor = all round.
    * a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.
    * a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo lo largo de = the length of.
    * a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a todos lados = far and wide.
    * a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a todos nosotros = us all.
    * a todos por igual = one size fits all.
    * a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo volumen = at full blast.
    * autoaprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong learning.
    * avanzar a toda máquina = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a toda mecha = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a toda pastilla = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo gas = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo vapor = go + full steam ahead.
    * bastante para todos = enough to go round.
    * bien de todos, el = common good, the.
    * buscar por todas partes = scour + Nombre + for.
    * buscar por todo el mundo = search + the world (over).
    * capaz de todo = capable of anything.
    * casi de todo = just about everything.
    * casi todo = everything but the kitchen sink, just about everything.
    * casi todos = almost any.
    * castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.
    * celebrar por todo lo alto = make + a song and dance about.
    * comérselo todo = eat + Posesivo + way through.
    * como con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * como un todo = as a whole.
    * comportarse como toda una señora = take + the high road, take + the high ground.
    * comportarse como todo un caballero = take + the high road, take + the high ground.
    * conjuntarlo todo = tie + the pieces together.
    * conocido de todos = well-known.
    * conocido por todos = widely recognised, well-known.
    * conseguir ser el blanco de todas las miradas = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight.
    * contar todo sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.
    * con toda claridad = as clear as a bell.
    * con toda confianza = feel + free to.
    * con toda desfachatez = shamelessly.
    * con toda franqueza = to put it frankly, in all sincerity, in all honesty.
    * con toda honestidad = in all honesty.
    * con toda insolencia = shamelessly.
    * con toda la razón = quite rightly.
    * con toda la vestimenta = in full gear.
    * con toda nitidez = as clear as a bell.
    * con toda probabilidad = in all probability, probability.
    * con toda seguridad = safely.
    * con toda sinceridad = quite honestly, to put it frankly, in all sincerity, in all honesty.
    * con todas las de la ley = full-bodied, full-fledged, full-scale.
    * con todas las prestaciones = full-featured.
    * con todas sus prestaciones = fully featured.
    * con toda su fuerza = in full force.
    * con toda tranquilidad = casually.
    * con todo descaro = shamelessly.
    * con todo el peso de la ley = to the full extent of the law.
    * con todo incluido = with the works!.
    * con todo mi debido respeto hacia = with (all) due respect to.
    * con todo mi respeto hacia = with (all) due respect to.
    * con todos los extras = with the works!.
    * con todos los lujos = with all mods and cons.
    * con todos mis respetos hacia (la opinión de) = pace.
    * con todos sus defectos = warts and all.
    * con todo tipo de comodidades = with all mods and cons.
    * con todo tipo de lujos = with all mods and cons.
    * contra toda persona = all comers.
    * contra (todo) pronóstico = against (all/the) odds.
    * contra todo (tipo) de riesgo = against all risks.
    * controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * coordinarlo todo = tie + the pieces together.
    * correr a toda velocidad = sprint.
    * cubrir toda la gama = run + the gamut.
    * cubrir todo el espectro = run + the gamut.
    * dar al traste con todo = upset + the applecart.
    * dar el todo por el todo = give + Posesivo + all.
    * dar todo de Uno mismo = give of + Posesivo + best.
    * dar todo el oro del mundo = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * decir con toda confianza = say in + full confidence.
    * decir la verdad, toda la verdad y nada más que la verdad = to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.
    * dedicar toda una vida = spend + lifetime.
    * dedicar todo el esfuerzo del mundo a = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * del todo = all the way.
    * demostrarlo todo = be proof enough.
    * dentro de todo = all in all.
    * desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.
    * desear a Algo o Alguien toda la suerte del mundo = wish + Nombre + every success.
    * despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.
    * después de todo = after all.
    * de toda la empresa = systemwide.
    * de toda la institución = institution-wide, systemwide.
    * de toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * de toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * de toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * de todas formas = anyway(s), at any rate, anyhow.
    * de todas las formas posibles = in any and all ways.
    * de todas las partes del mundo = from all over the world, from all over the globe, from every part of the world.
    * de todas maneras = at any rate.
    * de todas partes = from far and wide.
    * de todo = throughout.
    * de todo corazón = heart-to-heart, with all + Posesivo + heart.
    * de todo el continente = continent-wide.
    * de todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].
    * de todo el mundo = world over, the, from (all) around the world, throughout the world, around the world, across the globe, around the globe, from (all) around the globe, all over the globe, from across the world, across the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * de todo el país = across the land, all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country.
    * de todo el planeta = across the planet.
    * de todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * de todo + Nombre = all through + Nombre.
    * de todos conocido = well-known.
    * de todos lados = from far and wide.
    * de todos los colores = of all stripes, a rainbow of.
    * de todos los tiempos = all-time, of all time(s).
    * de todos los tipos = of all stripes.
    * de todos modos = at any rate.
    * de todo tipo = of all sorts, of every sort, of all stripes, of all shapes and sizes.
    * de todo un poco = about this and that and everything else, about this and that.
    * de una vez por todas = once and for all, once for all.
    * Día de Todos los Santos = All Saints' Day.
    * dirigirse a toda prisa hacia = make + haste towards.
    * disfrutar de todas las ventajas = have + the best of both worlds.
    * durante casi todo el año = for the best part of the year.
    * durante toda la noche = all-night, all night long.
    * durante toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * durante toda una vida = over a lifetime.
    * durante todo = all the way through, throughout.
    * durante todo el día = all day long.
    * durante todo el trimestre = semester-long.
    * durante todo el verano = all summer long.
    * durante todo + Tiempo = all through + Tiempo.
    * durar toda una vida = go on + for a lifetime, last + (for) a lifetime.
    * echarlo todo a perder = upset + the applecart.
    * echarlo todo a rodar = upset + the applecart.
    * echarlo todo por tierra = upset + the applecart.
    * echar toda la carne en el asador = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, shoot (for) + the moon, go for + broke.
    * el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.
    * el mejor de todos = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.
    * el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.
    * el peor de todos = the worst of the lot.
    * el sueño de toda persona = the stuff dreams are made of.
    * el sueño de todos = the stuff dreams are made of.
    * el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
    * en casi todos los + Nombre = in just about every + Nombre.
    * encontrarle defectos a todo = nitpick.
    * encontrarle faltas a todo = nitpick.
    * en igualdad de condiciones para todos los sexos = gender-equitable.
    * en toda la empresa = company-wide, systemwide.
    * en toda la institución = systemwide.
    * en toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * en toda ocasión = at every turn.
    * en todas partes = all around, far and wide.
    * en todo = throughout.
    * en todo caso = if anything.
    * en todo el edificio = site-wide.
    * en todo el estado = statewide [state-wide].
    * en todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], world over, the, throughout the world, around the world, all around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over, in the whole world.
    * en todo el país = all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country, across the country.
    * en todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.
    * en todo el proceso = throughout.
    * en todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * en todo momento = at all times, at every instant, every step of the way, throughout, at every turn, day in and day out, at all hours, time after time.
    * en todos estos sentidos = in all these regards.
    * en todos lados = far and wide.
    * en todos los aspectos = all-round.
    * en todos los sentidos = in all respects, in every sense.
    * en todos menos en = in all but.
    * en todos y cada uno de = in all.
    * escolarización para todos = universal schooling.
    * eso es casi todo = that's about it.
    * estar dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.
    * estar en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * estar metido en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * estar pendiente de todo = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * estar todos en el mismo barco = be all in the same boat.
    * exento de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * extenderse por todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * extenderse por todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * facilitarle la vida a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * famoso en todo el mundo = world-famous [world famous], world-renowned, world-renown.
    * fuente de todos los males, la = root of all evil, the.
    * fuera de toda duda = incontrovertible, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * fuera de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * ganar cuando todo parece estar perdido = victory from the jaws of defeat.
    * gente de todo tipo = people from all walks of life.
    * hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * hacerlo todo excepto = stop at + nothing short of.
    * hacerlo todo menos = stop at + nothing short of.
    * hacer (todo) el trabajo pesado = do (all) + the donkey work.
    * hacer todo lo posible = do + Posesivo + best, pull out + all the stops, do + the best + Nombre + may, do + the best + Nombre + can, try + hard, try + Posesivo + best, try + Posesivo + heart out, work + hard.
    * hacer todo lo posible (dado) = do + the best possible (with).
    * hacer todo lo posible para = every effort + be + made to.
    * hacer todo lo posible por = go to + any lengths to, go to + great lengths to, endeavour [endeavor, -USA], take + (great) pains to.
    * hacer todo lo que está en nuestras manos = pull out + all the stops.
    * hacer todo lo que Uno pueda = do + Posesivo + best, do + the best + Nombre + may, do + the best + Nombre + can.
    * hacer todo lo que Uno pueda (dado) = do + the best possible (with).
    * hacer un todo de = lump + Nombre + into.
    * hasta ahora, todo bien = so far, so good.
    * igualdad de condiciones para todos = levelling of the playing field.
    * igual para todos = one size fits all.
    * incluir a todo el mundo = inclusivity.
    * incluirlo todo = be all inclusive.
    * insuficiente para todos = insufficient to go round.
    * integrar formando un todo = articulate.
    * ir a por todas = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.
    * ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.
    * ir todo bien = be fine.
    * ir todo de maravilla = come up + roses.
    * jalárselo todo = scoff + the lot, eat + Posesivo + way through.
    * jugarse el todo por el todo = take + the plunge, risk + life and limb.
    * jugárselo todo = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.
    * jugárselo todo a una sola carta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * justamente todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.
    * justamente todo lo contrario de = quite the opposite of.
    * libre de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * llegar a todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llegar a todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llevar al hospital con toda urgencia = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * llevar todas las de perder = odds + be stacked against, not have a leg to stand on.
    * lo mejor de todo = best of all.
    * lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.
    * mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * más allá de toda duda = beyond doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * más allá de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * más bien todo lo contrario = quite the contrary, quite the reverse.
    * más que todo lo demás = beyond all else.
    * más que todos nosotros juntos = more than all of us put together.
    * meter las manos en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * meterse en todos los fregados = have + a finger in every pie.
    * motocicleta todo terreno = dirt bike.
    * no aburrir a Alguien con todos los detalles = spare + Nombe + all the details.
    * no creerse Algo del todo = take + Nombre + with a pinch of salt.
    * no del todo maduro, verde = underripe.
    * no ser oro todo lo que reluce = not + it's cracked up to be.
    * no somos todos iguales = one size doesn't fit all.
    * No todo lo que reluce es oro = All that glitters is not gold, Not all that is gold glitters.
    * ocurrir todo a la vez = happen + all at once.
    * origen de todos males, el = root of all evil, the.
    * para sorpresa de todos = to everyone's surprise.
    * para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.
    * para toda la industria = industry-wide.
    * para toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.
    * para todo el mercado = industry-wide.
    * para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.
    * para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].
    * para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.
    * para todo uso = all-purpose.
    * pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.
    * póliza de seguro a todo riesgo = all risks cover.
    * poner toda la carne en el asador = shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke.
    * poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.
    * poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.
    * poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.
    * por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.
    * por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.
    * por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].
    * por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.
    * por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * por toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.
    * por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.
    * por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.
    * por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].
    * por todo el continente = continent-wide.
    * por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].
    * por todo el gobierno = government-wide.
    * por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.
    * por todo el servicio = service-wide.
    * por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.
    * por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.
    * por todos conocido = well-known.
    * por todos lados = far and wide.
    * por todos los medios = by all means.
    * por todos sitios = everywhere.
    * que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.
    * que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a todas las culturas = culture-wide.
    * que bate todos los récords = record breaking.
    * que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.
    * que dura todo el año = year-round.
    * que lo abarca todo = all-embracing.
    * que lo incluye todo = all-embracing.
    * reconocido por todos = widely recognised.
    * relación parte = whole/part relationship.
    * replantearse todo desde cero = get back to + basics.
    * reservados todos los derechos = all rights reserved.
    * resistir con todas las fuerzas = resist + with every cell in + Posesivo + body.
    * respetado por todos = widely-respected.
    * revolucionarlo todo = turn + everything upside down.
    * revolverlo todo = turn + everything upside down.
    * sacarle defectos a todo = nitpick.
    * sacarle faltas a todo = nitpick.
    * salir a toda prisa = make + a hasty exit.
    * seguro a todo riesgo = comprehensive insurance, all-risk insurance.
    * ser conocido por todos = be out in the open.
    * ser el centro de todas las miradas = cut + a dash.
    * ser justo con todos = give the devil his due.
    * serlo todo para todos = be all things to all men, be all things to all people.
    * ser todo corazón = have + a heart of gold.
    * ser todo oídos = be all ears.
    * ser todo un éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * ser todo ventajas = the best of both worlds.
    * ser todo vida = be all life.
    * si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.
    * si todo va de acuerdo a lo planeado = all (other) things being equal.
    * sobre todas las cosas = above all things.
    * sobre todo = above all, above everything else, in particular, above all things.
    * tan amado de todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan amado por todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan querido por todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan queridos de todos = so beloved of all.
    * tenerlo todo = have + the best of both worlds.
    * tenerlo todo hecho = have + an easy ride.
    * tener todas las de perder = fight + a losing battle.
    * tener todas las posibilidades de = have + every possibility of.
    * tener todo + Nombre + a + Posesivo + disposición = have + the run of the + Nombre.
    * tener todo + Nombre + para + Pronombre = have + the run of the + Nombre.
    * tener todo un éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * tienda de todo a cien = dollar store.
    * tienda que vende de todo = general store.
    * titular a toda plana = headline banner.
    * toda alma viviente = every living soul.
    * toda clase de = all sorts of.
    * toda la comunidad = the community at large.
    * toda la fuerza = full force.
    * toda la fuerza de = the full force of.
    * toda la fuerza del impacto = full force.
    * toda la noche = all night long.
    * toda la sociedad = society at large.
    * toda la trupe = in full force.
    * toda la verdad sobre = the skinny on.
    * toda la vida = from the cradle to the grave, whole lifelong, whole life.
    * todas las florituras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.
    * todas las partes implicadas = all concerned.
    * todas las personas implicadas = all concerned.
    * todas las razones del mundo = every reason.
    * todas las semanas = weekly.
    * toda una serie de = a whole series of.
    * toda una vida = a lifetime.
    * toda una vida de experiencia = a lifetime of experience.
    * toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.
    * todo a la vez = all at once.
    * todo al mismo tiempo = all at once.
    * todo bicho viviente = every living soul, everyone and their mother, every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo confuso = in a state of disarray.
    * todo continúa como antes = life goes on as before.
    * todo cuesta algo = nothing comes without a cost.
    * todo de una vez = in one lump.
    * todo de (un) golpe = all at once.
    * todo dios = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo el año = year-round.
    * todo el cotarro = the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * todo el día = all day, all day long, around the clock.
    * todo el fin de semana = all weekend long.
    * todo el mundo = all and sundry, every Tom, Dick and Harry, everybody, each and everyone.
    * todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.
    * todo el peso de la ley = full force of the law, the, full force of the law, the.
    * todo el rato = all the while.
    * todo el santo día = all day long.
    * todo el tiempo = all of the time, left, right and centre, the whole time, all the while.
    * todo el tinglado = the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * todo en su conjunto = whole affair, the.
    * todo en uno = all in one.
    * todo es posible = all bets are off, the sky is the limit.
    * todo está a la vista = what you see is what you get.
    * todo esto = the whole thing.
    * todo excepto = everything except (for).
    * todo florido = in full blossom.
    * todo hijo de vecino = every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo incluido = all-inclusive.
    * todo ir bien = all + be + well with the world.
    * todo liado = in a state of disarray.
    * todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse, in marked contrast.
    * todo lo demás = all else.
    * todo lo que toca se convierte en oro = Midas touch, the.
    * todo lo relativo al personaje novelesco Holmes = Holmesiana.
    * todo lujo de detalles = chapter and verse.
    * todo marcha bien = everything is hunky-dory.
    * todo menos = everything except (for).
    * todo mindundi = every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo + Nombre = the whole + Nombre.
    * todo queda en casa = all in the family.
    * todo quisque = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo quisqui = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo recto = straight ahead, straight on.
    * todos = everybody, everyone, them all, all comers, great and small, all concerned, anyone and everyone.
    * todos a cubierta = all hands on deck!.
    * todos a la faena = all hands on deck, all hands to the pump(s).
    * todos al rescate = all hands on deck, all hands to the pump(s).
    * todo seguido = continuously, straight ahead, straight on.
    * todos ellos = them all.
    * todo ser humano = every living soul.
    * todos + estar de acuerdo = agree on + all hands.
    * todos excepto = everyone except, everybody except.
    * todos excepto + Número = all but + Número.
    * todos lo demás = everyone else.
    * todos los accesorios extras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todos los adornos extras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todos los años = on a yearly basis, year in and year out, year-on-year.
    * todos los demás = everybody else.
    * todos los derechos reservados = all rights reserved.
    * todos los días = daily, on a daily basis, every day, day in and day out.
    * todos los miembros de la agencia = agency-wide.
    * todos los otros = all of the other.
    * todos manos a la obra = all hands to the pump(s), all hands on deck.
    * todos menos = everyone except, everybody except.
    * todos menos + Número = all but + Número.
    * todos nosotros = all of us.
    * todos por igual = share and share alike.
    * todos ustedes = you all.
    * todos vosotros = you all.
    * todos y cada uno = all and sundry, in full force, each and everyone.
    * todos y cada uno de = any and every, any and all.
    * todos y cada uno de + Adjetivo + Nombre = Pronombre + every + Nombre.
    * todo tiene sus ventajas y sus inconvenientes = swings and roundabouts, what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.
    * todo tipo de = all sorts of, all manner of.
    * todo tipo de gustos = all shades of opinion.
    * todo va a las mil maravillas = everything is hunky-dory.
    * todo vale = no holds barred.
    * trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.
    * tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.
    * tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * Verbo + sobre todo = Verbo + the most.
    * vida a toda pastilla = life in the fast lane.
    * y lo peor de todo = and worst of all.
    * y sobre todo = and worst of all.
    * y todo este tipo de cosas = and all this sort of thing.
    * zampárselo todo = scoff + the lot.
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1) ( la totalidad de) all

    nos comimos todo el pan/todos los bombones — we ate all the bread/chocolates

    toda la mañana — all morning, the whole morning

    2) (cualquier, cada)

    todo artículo importado — all imported items, any imported item

    todos los días/los años — every day/year

    a todo esto — ( mientras tanto) meanwhile, in the meantime; ( a propósito) incidentally, by the way

    II

    el/un todo — the/a whole

    jugarse el todo por el todo — to risk o gamble everything on one throw

    III
    - da pronombre
    1)
    a) ( sin excluir nada) everything

    ¿eso es todo? — is that all?

    b)

    todos/todas — ( referido a - cosas) all; (- a personas) all, everybody

    vinieron todos — they all came, everybody came

    ¿están todos? — is everyone o everybody here?

    ¿estamos todos? — are we all here?

    con todo (y eso) — (fam) ( aun así) all the same, even so

    con todo, sigo pensando que... — all the same o even so I still think that...

    de todo: come de todo she'll eat anything; venden de todo they sell everything o all sorts of things; hace de todo un poco he does a bit of everything; del todo totally; no es del todo cierto it's not entirely o totally true; y todo: enfermo y todo, vino a trabajar sick as he was, he still came to work; tuvo que venir la policía y todo (fam) the police had to come and everything (colloq); de todas, todas (fam): ¿es verdad? - de todas, todas is it true? - you bet it is! (colloq); ganó de todas, todas he won by a mile (colloq); me las pagará todas juntas one of these days I'll get even with him for all of this; no tenerlas todas consigo — to be a little worried o uneasy

    3) (como adv)
    a) ( completamente) all

    está toda entusiasmada con el viaje — she's all o terribly excited about the trip

    * * *
    = all, complete, every, everything, whole affair, the, wholeness, the full monty, the whole lot, at large, the works!, the whole thing, the entire length of.

    Ex: All returned documents must be checked for the presence of a hold on the title.

    Ex: The main entry is the complete catalogue record of the document.
    Ex: The directory is a finding list which lists for every field its tag, the number of characters in the field, and the starting character position of the field within the record.
    Ex: The CLEAR key erases everything on the screen.
    Ex: The whole affair, assembled and compressed, could be lugged off in a moving van.
    Ex: The part chosen should have a unity of its own, a wholeness that offers a complete experience without at the same time giving away everything.
    Ex: The article ' The digital full monty?' forecasts that the world of information is likely to be dominated by global giants on the one hand and selective niche providers on the other.
    Ex: Alternatively the printer might not have ordered enough paper for the whole book, either because he miscalculated or because he could not afford to buy the whole lot at once = Por otro lado, el impresor podría no haber encargado suficiente papel para imprimir el libro entero, bien porque lo calculó mal o porque no podía permitirse el lujo de comprarlo todo de una vez.
    Ex: The committee will be expected to produce an annual report to the members at large.
    Ex: Whole cities laid to waste, heroes falling in battle, death of gods, the works!.
    Ex: The truth is that I'm pretty upset about the whole thing and don't have very warm feelings towards the makers of these products.
    Ex: It tells the story of one man's absurd quest to become the first person to walk the entire length of the Amazon River.
    * ¡a por todas! = go for it!.
    * abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.
    * abarcarlo todo = be all inclusive.
    * absolutamente todo = anything and everything, the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * absolver a Alguien de todos los cargos = acquit + Nombre + on all counts.
    * acaparar toda la atención = steal + the limelight.
    * accesible por todos = widely accessible.
    * acceso para todos = access for all.
    * aceptado por todos = widely accepted.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * afectar a todo el país = sweep + the country.
    * ahorros de toda la vida = life-time savings, life savings.
    * ahorros de toda una vida = life savings.
    * al alcance de todos = within everybody's reach, within everyone's reach, accessible to everyone, accessible to everybody.
    * al igual que con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.
    * antes de todo = before anything else, first off.
    * ante todo = first and foremost, before anything else, more than anything else, first of all, above all, above all things.
    * a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.
    * a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.
    * aprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong education.
    * a toda costa = absolutely, come what may, at all costs, at any cost, at any price.
    * a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.
    * a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * a todas partes = far and wide.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a todo alrededor = all round.
    * a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.
    * a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo lo largo de = the length of.
    * a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a todos lados = far and wide.
    * a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a todos nosotros = us all.
    * a todos por igual = one size fits all.
    * a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo volumen = at full blast.
    * autoaprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong learning.
    * avanzar a toda máquina = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a toda mecha = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a toda pastilla = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo gas = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo vapor = go + full steam ahead.
    * bastante para todos = enough to go round.
    * bien de todos, el = common good, the.
    * buscar por todas partes = scour + Nombre + for.
    * buscar por todo el mundo = search + the world (over).
    * capaz de todo = capable of anything.
    * casi de todo = just about everything.
    * casi todo = everything but the kitchen sink, just about everything.
    * casi todos = almost any.
    * castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.
    * celebrar por todo lo alto = make + a song and dance about.
    * comérselo todo = eat + Posesivo + way through.
    * como con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * como un todo = as a whole.
    * comportarse como toda una señora = take + the high road, take + the high ground.
    * comportarse como todo un caballero = take + the high road, take + the high ground.
    * conjuntarlo todo = tie + the pieces together.
    * conocido de todos = well-known.
    * conocido por todos = widely recognised, well-known.
    * conseguir ser el blanco de todas las miradas = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight.
    * contar todo sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.
    * con toda claridad = as clear as a bell.
    * con toda confianza = feel + free to.
    * con toda desfachatez = shamelessly.
    * con toda franqueza = to put it frankly, in all sincerity, in all honesty.
    * con toda honestidad = in all honesty.
    * con toda insolencia = shamelessly.
    * con toda la razón = quite rightly.
    * con toda la vestimenta = in full gear.
    * con toda nitidez = as clear as a bell.
    * con toda probabilidad = in all probability, probability.
    * con toda seguridad = safely.
    * con toda sinceridad = quite honestly, to put it frankly, in all sincerity, in all honesty.
    * con todas las de la ley = full-bodied, full-fledged, full-scale.
    * con todas las prestaciones = full-featured.
    * con todas sus prestaciones = fully featured.
    * con toda su fuerza = in full force.
    * con toda tranquilidad = casually.
    * con todo descaro = shamelessly.
    * con todo el peso de la ley = to the full extent of the law.
    * con todo incluido = with the works!.
    * con todo mi debido respeto hacia = with (all) due respect to.
    * con todo mi respeto hacia = with (all) due respect to.
    * con todos los extras = with the works!.
    * con todos los lujos = with all mods and cons.
    * con todos mis respetos hacia (la opinión de) = pace.
    * con todos sus defectos = warts and all.
    * con todo tipo de comodidades = with all mods and cons.
    * con todo tipo de lujos = with all mods and cons.
    * contra toda persona = all comers.
    * contra (todo) pronóstico = against (all/the) odds.
    * contra todo (tipo) de riesgo = against all risks.
    * controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * coordinarlo todo = tie + the pieces together.
    * correr a toda velocidad = sprint.
    * cubrir toda la gama = run + the gamut.
    * cubrir todo el espectro = run + the gamut.
    * dar al traste con todo = upset + the applecart.
    * dar el todo por el todo = give + Posesivo + all.
    * dar todo de Uno mismo = give of + Posesivo + best.
    * dar todo el oro del mundo = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * decir con toda confianza = say in + full confidence.
    * decir la verdad, toda la verdad y nada más que la verdad = to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.
    * dedicar toda una vida = spend + lifetime.
    * dedicar todo el esfuerzo del mundo a = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * del todo = all the way.
    * demostrarlo todo = be proof enough.
    * dentro de todo = all in all.
    * desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.
    * desear a Algo o Alguien toda la suerte del mundo = wish + Nombre + every success.
    * despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.
    * después de todo = after all.
    * de toda la empresa = systemwide.
    * de toda la institución = institution-wide, systemwide.
    * de toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * de toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * de toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * de todas formas = anyway(s), at any rate, anyhow.
    * de todas las formas posibles = in any and all ways.
    * de todas las partes del mundo = from all over the world, from all over the globe, from every part of the world.
    * de todas maneras = at any rate.
    * de todas partes = from far and wide.
    * de todo = throughout.
    * de todo corazón = heart-to-heart, with all + Posesivo + heart.
    * de todo el continente = continent-wide.
    * de todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].
    * de todo el mundo = world over, the, from (all) around the world, throughout the world, around the world, across the globe, around the globe, from (all) around the globe, all over the globe, from across the world, across the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * de todo el país = across the land, all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country.
    * de todo el planeta = across the planet.
    * de todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * de todo + Nombre = all through + Nombre.
    * de todos conocido = well-known.
    * de todos lados = from far and wide.
    * de todos los colores = of all stripes, a rainbow of.
    * de todos los tiempos = all-time, of all time(s).
    * de todos los tipos = of all stripes.
    * de todos modos = at any rate.
    * de todo tipo = of all sorts, of every sort, of all stripes, of all shapes and sizes.
    * de todo un poco = about this and that and everything else, about this and that.
    * de una vez por todas = once and for all, once for all.
    * Día de Todos los Santos = All Saints' Day.
    * dirigirse a toda prisa hacia = make + haste towards.
    * disfrutar de todas las ventajas = have + the best of both worlds.
    * durante casi todo el año = for the best part of the year.
    * durante toda la noche = all-night, all night long.
    * durante toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * durante toda una vida = over a lifetime.
    * durante todo = all the way through, throughout.
    * durante todo el día = all day long.
    * durante todo el trimestre = semester-long.
    * durante todo el verano = all summer long.
    * durante todo + Tiempo = all through + Tiempo.
    * durar toda una vida = go on + for a lifetime, last + (for) a lifetime.
    * echarlo todo a perder = upset + the applecart.
    * echarlo todo a rodar = upset + the applecart.
    * echarlo todo por tierra = upset + the applecart.
    * echar toda la carne en el asador = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, shoot (for) + the moon, go for + broke.
    * el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.
    * el mejor de todos = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.
    * el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.
    * el peor de todos = the worst of the lot.
    * el sueño de toda persona = the stuff dreams are made of.
    * el sueño de todos = the stuff dreams are made of.
    * el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
    * en casi todos los + Nombre = in just about every + Nombre.
    * encontrarle defectos a todo = nitpick.
    * encontrarle faltas a todo = nitpick.
    * en igualdad de condiciones para todos los sexos = gender-equitable.
    * en toda la empresa = company-wide, systemwide.
    * en toda la institución = systemwide.
    * en toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * en toda ocasión = at every turn.
    * en todas partes = all around, far and wide.
    * en todo = throughout.
    * en todo caso = if anything.
    * en todo el edificio = site-wide.
    * en todo el estado = statewide [state-wide].
    * en todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], world over, the, throughout the world, around the world, all around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over, in the whole world.
    * en todo el país = all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country, across the country.
    * en todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.
    * en todo el proceso = throughout.
    * en todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * en todo momento = at all times, at every instant, every step of the way, throughout, at every turn, day in and day out, at all hours, time after time.
    * en todos estos sentidos = in all these regards.
    * en todos lados = far and wide.
    * en todos los aspectos = all-round.
    * en todos los sentidos = in all respects, in every sense.
    * en todos menos en = in all but.
    * en todos y cada uno de = in all.
    * escolarización para todos = universal schooling.
    * eso es casi todo = that's about it.
    * estar dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.
    * estar en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * estar metido en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * estar pendiente de todo = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * estar todos en el mismo barco = be all in the same boat.
    * exento de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * extenderse por todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * extenderse por todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * facilitarle la vida a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * famoso en todo el mundo = world-famous [world famous], world-renowned, world-renown.
    * fuente de todos los males, la = root of all evil, the.
    * fuera de toda duda = incontrovertible, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * fuera de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * ganar cuando todo parece estar perdido = victory from the jaws of defeat.
    * gente de todo tipo = people from all walks of life.
    * hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * hacerlo todo excepto = stop at + nothing short of.
    * hacerlo todo menos = stop at + nothing short of.
    * hacer (todo) el trabajo pesado = do (all) + the donkey work.
    * hacer todo lo posible = do + Posesivo + best, pull out + all the stops, do + the best + Nombre + may, do + the best + Nombre + can, try + hard, try + Posesivo + best, try + Posesivo + heart out, work + hard.
    * hacer todo lo posible (dado) = do + the best possible (with).
    * hacer todo lo posible para = every effort + be + made to.
    * hacer todo lo posible por = go to + any lengths to, go to + great lengths to, endeavour [endeavor, -USA], take + (great) pains to.
    * hacer todo lo que está en nuestras manos = pull out + all the stops.
    * hacer todo lo que Uno pueda = do + Posesivo + best, do + the best + Nombre + may, do + the best + Nombre + can.
    * hacer todo lo que Uno pueda (dado) = do + the best possible (with).
    * hacer un todo de = lump + Nombre + into.
    * hasta ahora, todo bien = so far, so good.
    * igualdad de condiciones para todos = levelling of the playing field.
    * igual para todos = one size fits all.
    * incluir a todo el mundo = inclusivity.
    * incluirlo todo = be all inclusive.
    * insuficiente para todos = insufficient to go round.
    * integrar formando un todo = articulate.
    * ir a por todas = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.
    * ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.
    * ir todo bien = be fine.
    * ir todo de maravilla = come up + roses.
    * jalárselo todo = scoff + the lot, eat + Posesivo + way through.
    * jugarse el todo por el todo = take + the plunge, risk + life and limb.
    * jugárselo todo = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.
    * jugárselo todo a una sola carta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * justamente todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.
    * justamente todo lo contrario de = quite the opposite of.
    * libre de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * llegar a todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llegar a todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llevar al hospital con toda urgencia = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * llevar todas las de perder = odds + be stacked against, not have a leg to stand on.
    * lo mejor de todo = best of all.
    * lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.
    * mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * más allá de toda duda = beyond doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * más allá de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * más bien todo lo contrario = quite the contrary, quite the reverse.
    * más que todo lo demás = beyond all else.
    * más que todos nosotros juntos = more than all of us put together.
    * meter las manos en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * meterse en todos los fregados = have + a finger in every pie.
    * motocicleta todo terreno = dirt bike.
    * no aburrir a Alguien con todos los detalles = spare + Nombe + all the details.
    * no creerse Algo del todo = take + Nombre + with a pinch of salt.
    * no del todo maduro, verde = underripe.
    * no ser oro todo lo que reluce = not + it's cracked up to be.
    * no somos todos iguales = one size doesn't fit all.
    * No todo lo que reluce es oro = All that glitters is not gold, Not all that is gold glitters.
    * ocurrir todo a la vez = happen + all at once.
    * origen de todos males, el = root of all evil, the.
    * para sorpresa de todos = to everyone's surprise.
    * para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.
    * para toda la industria = industry-wide.
    * para toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.
    * para todo el mercado = industry-wide.
    * para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.
    * para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].
    * para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.
    * para todo uso = all-purpose.
    * pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.
    * póliza de seguro a todo riesgo = all risks cover.
    * poner toda la carne en el asador = shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke.
    * poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.
    * poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.
    * poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.
    * por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.
    * por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.
    * por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].
    * por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.
    * por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * por toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.
    * por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.
    * por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.
    * por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].
    * por todo el continente = continent-wide.
    * por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].
    * por todo el gobierno = government-wide.
    * por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.
    * por todo el servicio = service-wide.
    * por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.
    * por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.
    * por todos conocido = well-known.
    * por todos lados = far and wide.
    * por todos los medios = by all means.
    * por todos sitios = everywhere.
    * que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.
    * que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a todas las culturas = culture-wide.
    * que bate todos los récords = record breaking.
    * que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.
    * que dura todo el año = year-round.
    * que lo abarca todo = all-embracing.
    * que lo incluye todo = all-embracing.
    * reconocido por todos = widely recognised.
    * relación parte = whole/part relationship.
    * replantearse todo desde cero = get back to + basics.
    * reservados todos los derechos = all rights reserved.
    * resistir con todas las fuerzas = resist + with every cell in + Posesivo + body.
    * respetado por todos = widely-respected.
    * revolucionarlo todo = turn + everything upside down.
    * revolverlo todo = turn + everything upside down.
    * sacarle defectos a todo = nitpick.
    * sacarle faltas a todo = nitpick.
    * salir a toda prisa = make + a hasty exit.
    * seguro a todo riesgo = comprehensive insurance, all-risk insurance.
    * ser conocido por todos = be out in the open.
    * ser el centro de todas las miradas = cut + a dash.
    * ser justo con todos = give the devil his due.
    * serlo todo para todos = be all things to all men, be all things to all people.
    * ser todo corazón = have + a heart of gold.
    * ser todo oídos = be all ears.
    * ser todo un éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * ser todo ventajas = the best of both worlds.
    * ser todo vida = be all life.
    * si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.
    * si todo va de acuerdo a lo planeado = all (other) things being equal.
    * sobre todas las cosas = above all things.
    * sobre todo = above all, above everything else, in particular, above all things.
    * tan amado de todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan amado por todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan querido por todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan queridos de todos = so beloved of all.
    * tenerlo todo = have + the best of both worlds.
    * tenerlo todo hecho = have + an easy ride.
    * tener todas las de perder = fight + a losing battle.
    * tener todas las posibilidades de = have + every possibility of.
    * tener todo + Nombre + a + Posesivo + disposición = have + the run of the + Nombre.
    * tener todo + Nombre + para + Pronombre = have + the run of the + Nombre.
    * tener todo un éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * tienda de todo a cien = dollar store.
    * tienda que vende de todo = general store.
    * titular a toda plana = headline banner.
    * toda alma viviente = every living soul.
    * toda clase de = all sorts of.
    * toda la comunidad = the community at large.
    * toda la fuerza = full force.
    * toda la fuerza de = the full force of.
    * toda la fuerza del impacto = full force.
    * toda la noche = all night long.
    * toda la sociedad = society at large.
    * toda la trupe = in full force.
    * toda la verdad sobre = the skinny on.
    * toda la vida = from the cradle to the grave, whole lifelong, whole life.
    * todas las florituras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.
    * todas las partes implicadas = all concerned.
    * todas las personas implicadas = all concerned.
    * todas las razones del mundo = every reason.
    * todas las semanas = weekly.
    * toda una serie de = a whole series of.
    * toda una vida = a lifetime.
    * toda una vida de experiencia = a lifetime of experience.
    * toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.
    * todo a la vez = all at once.
    * todo al mismo tiempo = all at once.
    * todo bicho viviente = every living soul, everyone and their mother, every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo confuso = in a state of disarray.
    * todo continúa como antes = life goes on as before.
    * todo cuesta algo = nothing comes without a cost.
    * todo de una vez = in one lump.
    * todo de (un) golpe = all at once.
    * todo dios = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo el año = year-round.
    * todo el cotarro = the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * todo el día = all day, all day long, around the clock.
    * todo el fin de semana = all weekend long.
    * todo el mundo = all and sundry, every Tom, Dick and Harry, everybody, each and everyone.
    * todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.
    * todo el peso de la ley = full force of the law, the, full force of the law, the.
    * todo el rato = all the while.
    * todo el santo día = all day long.
    * todo el tiempo = all of the time, left, right and centre, the whole time, all the while.
    * todo el tinglado = the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * todo en su conjunto = whole affair, the.
    * todo en uno = all in one.
    * todo es posible = all bets are off, the sky is the limit.
    * todo está a la vista = what you see is what you get.
    * todo esto = the whole thing.
    * todo excepto = everything except (for).
    * todo florido = in full blossom.
    * todo hijo de vecino = every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo incluido = all-inclusive.
    * todo ir bien = all + be + well with the world.
    * todo liado = in a state of disarray.
    * todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse, in marked contrast.
    * todo lo demás = all else.
    * todo lo que toca se convierte en oro = Midas touch, the.
    * todo lo relativo al personaje novelesco Holmes = Holmesiana.
    * todo lujo de detalles = chapter and verse.
    * todo marcha bien = everything is hunky-dory.
    * todo menos = everything except (for).
    * todo mindundi = every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo + Nombre = the whole + Nombre.
    * todo queda en casa = all in the family.
    * todo quisque = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo quisqui = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo recto = straight ahead, straight on.
    * todos = everybody, everyone, them all, all comers, great and small, all concerned, anyone and everyone.
    * todos a cubierta = all hands on deck!.
    * todos a la faena = all hands on deck, all hands to the pump(s).
    * todos al rescate = all hands on deck, all hands to the pump(s).
    * todo seguido = continuously, straight ahead, straight on.
    * todos ellos = them all.
    * todo ser humano = every living soul.
    * todos + estar de acuerdo = agree on + all hands.
    * todos excepto = everyone except, everybody except.
    * todos excepto + Número = all but + Número.
    * todos lo demás = everyone else.
    * todos los accesorios extras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todos los adornos extras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todos los años = on a yearly basis, year in and year out, year-on-year.
    * todos los demás = everybody else.
    * todos los derechos reservados = all rights reserved.
    * todos los días = daily, on a daily basis, every day, day in and day out.
    * todos los miembros de la agencia = agency-wide.
    * todos los otros = all of the other.
    * todos manos a la obra = all hands to the pump(s), all hands on deck.
    * todos menos = everyone except, everybody except.
    * todos menos + Número = all but + Número.
    * todos nosotros = all of us.
    * todos por igual = share and share alike.
    * todos ustedes = you all.
    * todos vosotros = you all.
    * todos y cada uno = all and sundry, in full force, each and everyone.
    * todos y cada uno de = any and every, any and all.
    * todos y cada uno de + Adjetivo + Nombre = Pronombre + every + Nombre.
    * todo tiene sus ventajas y sus inconvenientes = swings and roundabouts, what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.
    * todo tipo de = all sorts of, all manner of.
    * todo tipo de gustos = all shades of opinion.
    * todo va a las mil maravillas = everything is hunky-dory.
    * todo vale = no holds barred.
    * trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.
    * tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.
    * tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * Verbo + sobre todo = Verbo + the most.
    * vida a toda pastilla = life in the fast lane.
    * y lo peor de todo = and worst of all.
    * y sobre todo = and worst of all.
    * y todo este tipo de cosas = and all this sort of thing.
    * zampárselo todo = scoff + the lot.

    * * *
    A
    1
    (la totalidad de): invitó a toda la clase she invited the whole class
    ha estado llorando toda or todita la mañana ( fam); he's been crying all morning o the whole morning
    no lo he visto en todo el día/toda la semana I haven't seen him all day/all week
    todo el secreto consiste en usar un buen caldo the secret of the whole thing is to use good stock
    dedicó toda su vida a la investigación he dedicated his entire o whole life to research
    se recorrió todo México she traveled all over Mexico
    España toda lo acompaña the whole of Spain is with him
    deja las cosas tiradas por todos lados he leaves things lying about everywhere o all over the place
    empujó con todas sus fuerzas she pushed with all her might
    todas y cada una de las necesidades de su empresa each and every one of o all of your company's needs
    me gustan todos los deportes I like all sports
    todos ustedes lo sabían all of you knew, you all knew
    2
    (uso enfático): a toda velocidad at top speed
    a todo correr as fast as possible
    le dieron todo tipo or toda clase de facilidades they gave him every facility
    está fuera de toda duda it's beyond all doubt
    a todo esto (mientras tanto) meanwhile, in the meantime; (a propósito) incidentally, by the way
    a todo esto, a Juan se lo habían llevado al hospital while all this was happening o meanwhile o in the meantime they had taken Juan to (the) hospital
    3 todo lo + ADJ/ADV:
    puedes hacerlo todo lo largo que quieras you can make it as long as you like
    B
    (cualquier, cada): toda persona detenida debe ser informada de sus derechos all detainees must be informed of their rights, anyone who is detained must be informed of his or her rights
    todo artículo importado all imported items, any imported item
    todo tipo de información all kinds of information
    todo aquél que se sienta capaz anyone who feels capable
    todos los días/los jueves/los años every day/Thursday/year
    todos los primeros viernes de mes the first Friday of every month
    Compuesto:
    el/un todo the/a whole
    dos mitades forman un todo two halves make a whole
    jugarse el todo por el todo to risk o gamble everything on one throw
    1 ( en sing) everything
    lo han perdido todo they've lost everything
    a pesar de todo la sigo queriendo despite everything I still love her
    todo le parece poco he's never satisfied
    come todo lo que quieras eat as much as you like
    te puedes quedar todo lo que quieras you can stay as long as you like
    no fue todo lo interesante que pensábamos que iba a ser it wasn't as interesting as we thought it would be
    ¿eso es todo? is that all?
    se cree que lo sabe todo he thinks he knows it all
    con él siempre es o todo o nada with him it's always (a case of) all or nothing
    2 todos/todas (referido — a cosas) all; (— a personas) all, everybody
    se rompieron todos they all broke
    los compró todos she bought all of them
    vinieron todos they all came, everybody came
    son todos compañeros de clase they're all classmates
    ¿están todos? is everyone o everybody here?
    ¿estamos todos? are we all here?
    B ( en locs):
    con todo y con eso or con todo ( fam) (aun así) all the same, even so; (bien mirado) all in all
    con todo, sigo pensando que … all the same o even so I still think that …
    de todo: come de todo she'll eat anything
    venden de todo they sell everything o all sorts of things
    hace de todo un poco he does a bit of everything
    del todo totally
    está loca del todo she's completely o totally mad
    fue del todo imposible it was absolutely o totally impossible
    eso no es del todo cierto that's not entirely o totally true
    y todo: estropeado y todo, éste es mucho más valioso damaged though it is, this one is still much more valuable
    enfermo y todo, vino a trabajar sick as he was, he still came to work
    tuvo que venir la policía y todo ( fam); the police had to come and everything ( colloq)
    de todas, todas ( fam): ¿es verdad? — de todas, todas is it true? — you bet it is! ( colloq)
    ganó de todas, todas he won by a mile ( colloq)
    me las pagará/pagarás todas juntas one of these days I'll get even with him/you for all of this
    no tenerlas todas consigo to be a little worried o uneasy
    ser todo uno: verla entrar y ponerse a llorar fue todo uno he saw her come in and immediately o promptly burst into tears
    está todo mojado it's all wet
    iba toda vestida de negro she was dressed all in black
    tiene la cara toda marcada her face is badly scarred
    está toda entusiasmada con la idea del viaje she's all o terribly excited about the trip
    todo alrededor del puño all o right around the cuff
    ya es toda una señorita she's a real young lady now, she's quite a young lady now
    aquello fue todo un espectáculo that was quite a show!, that was some show!
    3
    (indicando cualidad predominante): el pescado era todo espinas the fish was full of bones
    cuéntame, soy toda oídos tell me, I'm all ears
    por toda respuesta lanzó un bufido/me guiñó el ojo his only reply was to snort/wink at me
    * * *

     

    todo 1
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    1 ( la totalidad de) all;

    toda la mañana all morning, the whole morning;
    invitó a toda la clase she invited the whole class;
    por todos lados all over the place;
    todos ustedes lo sabían you all knew;
    See Also→ mundo 1
    2 (cualquier, cada):

    todo aquel que quiera anyone who wishes to;
    todos los días every day
    3 ( uso enfático):

    con toda inocencia in all innocence;
    le dieron todo tipo de facilidades they gave him all kind of facilities;
    a todo esto ( mientras tanto) meanwhile, in the meantime;

    ( a propósito) incidentally, by the way
    ■ pronombre
    1


    todo le parece poco he's never satisfied;
    come todo lo que quieras eat as much as you like;
    todo o nada all or nothing
    b)

    ◊ todos/todas ( referido a — cosas) all;


    (— a personas) all, everybody;

    vinieron todos they all came, everybody came;
    buena suerte a todos good luck to everybody;
    es el más alto de todos he's the tallest of the lot o of them all;
    ¿están todos? is everyone o everybody here?;
    todos y cada uno each and every one
    2 ( en locs)

    de todo: come de todo she'll eat anything;
    venden de todo they sell everything o all sorts of things;
    hace de todo un poco he does a bit of everything;
    del todo totally
    3 ( como adv)




    todo 2 sustantivo masculino:
    ◊ el/un todo the/a whole;

    jugarse el todo por el todo to risk o gamble everything on one throw
    todo,-a
    1 adjetivo
    1 (la totalidad: singular) all, whole: recorrió toda España, she travelled all over Spain
    toda la semana, the whole week o all week
    toda tu vida, your entire life o all your life
    2 (: plural) all: todos sus hermanos, all his brothers
    todos lo sabíamos, we all knew
    se comió todas las fresas, she ate all the strawberries
    3 (todo el mundo) todos están riendo, everybody is laughing
    4 (cada, cualquier) every: viene todos los meses, he comes every month
    todo el que desee..., anyone who wishes to...
    5 fam (intensificador) through and through: es toda una atleta, she is every inch an athlete
    II pron
    1 (sin excepciones, sin exclusiones) everything: lo compró todo, he bought it all
    lo perdió todo, he lost everything
    lo sabe todo, she knows everything
    todo son problemas, there's nothing but trouble
    eso es todo, that's all
    (todo el mundo) todos piensan que eres muy lista, everybody thinks you're very clever
    nos invitó a todos, he invited all of us
    todos y cada uno, each and every one
    III adv (por completo, totalmente) estaba todo convencido, he was entirely convinced
    estás todo mojado, you are all wet
    está todo nervioso, he's terribly o all excited
    IV sustantivo masculino todo (total, suma) whole
    en todo o en parte, in whole or in part
    All y whole tienen significados parecidos, pero se usan en estructuras diferentes. All se coloca delante de un artículo, pronombre posesivo o demostrativo, mientras que whole se coloca después: all the world, pero the whole world; all your family, pero your whole family; all this time, pero this whole time. Recuerda que no puedes usar whole sin artículo o pronombre correspondiente ni con sustantivos que indican masa (incontables). Por tanto, la traducción de todo el vino es all the wine y no the whole wine.
    El plural todos o todo el mundo se traduce por everybody o everyone. Aunque el verbo acompañante aparezca en singular, cualquier pronombre que emplees debe estar en plural: Todos deben traer sus propios bolígrafos. Everybody has to bring their (own) pens.

    ' todo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abarcar
    - acabar
    - alta
    - alto
    - amén
    - anochecer
    - ante
    - arramblar
    - arriba
    - bendita
    - bendito
    - bicho
    - bocado
    - borraja
    - borrosa
    - borroso
    - bregar
    - caballero
    - cachaza
    - camino
    - carente
    - caso
    - cháchara
    - color
    - comandita
    - comerse
    - con
    - conforme
    - contrapelo
    - contraria
    - contrario
    - control
    - corazón
    - Cristo
    - cuanta
    - cuanto
    - danza
    - decir
    - delante
    - derecha
    - derecho
    - descaminada
    - descaminado
    - despojar
    - después
    - dios
    - disponer
    - empeño
    - encerrarse
    - encima
    English:
    above
    - above-board
    - abrupt
    - ache
    - aching
    - act up
    - add up
    - agreement
    - ahead
    - aid
    - all
    - all-in
    - altogether
    - always
    - amok
    - anyhow
    - anything
    - appearance
    - as
    - backdrop
    - ball
    - be-all and end-all
    - behind
    - bend
    - best
    - blare out I
    - blast
    - blast out
    - blow
    - blunder
    - boat
    - boil down
    - bottom
    - breast
    - but
    - by
    - call
    - careless
    - character
    - checklist
    - cheese off
    - chiefly
    - clause
    - clean
    - clear up
    - colour
    - come out
    - come to
    - common
    - comprehensive
    * * *
    todo, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [el conjunto o total de] all;
    todo el día all day;
    todo el libro the whole book, all (of) the book;
    todo el vino all (of) the wine;
    todas las manzanas all the apples;
    todos los americanos all Americans;
    toda esta planta está dedicada al impresionismo all (of) o the whole of this floor is devoted to impressionism;
    todo un día está dedicado a visitar la ciudad a whole day is devoted to visiting the city;
    todos ellos se marcharon they all left;
    toda su ilusión es conocer Europa her greatest wish is to visit Europe;
    por todas partes everywhere;
    todo el mundo, Méx [m5] todo mundo everybody;
    en todo momento at all times;
    ilustraciones a todo color full-colour illustrations;
    un seguro a todo riesgo a comprehensive insurance policy;
    subimos la calle a toda velocidad we went up the street as fast as we could o at top speed;
    todo Buenos Aires habla de ello the whole of o all of Buenos Aires is talking about it
    2. [cada, cualquier] every;
    todos los días/lunes every day/Monday;
    como todo mexicano sabe… as every Mexican knows…, as all Mexicans know…;
    todo edificio de más de veinte años pasará una revisión all buildings that are more than twenty years old will be inspected;
    todo aquel que o [m5] todo el que viole las normas anybody o anyone who breaks the rules;
    todos aquellos que o [m5] todos los que están en huelga all those (who are) on strike
    3. [para enfatizar]
    es todo un hombre he's every inch a man;
    ya es toda una mujer she's a grown woman now;
    fue todo un éxito it was a great success;
    se produjo todo un cúmulo de casualidades there was a whole series of coincidences
    4. [del todo]
    el jardín estaba todo descuidado the garden was completely o all neglected;
    se puso toda enojada she got all annoyed
    ♦ pron
    1. [singular] everything;
    lo vendió todo he sold everything, he sold it all;
    todo está listo everything is ready, it's all ready;
    todo es poco tratándose de sus hijos nothing is too much when it comes to her children;
    se enoja por todo he gets angry at the slightest thing;
    eso es todo that's all
    Esp todo a cien [tienda] Br ≈ pound shop, US ≈ nickel-and-dime store
    2.
    todos [todas las personas] everybody, everyone;
    [todas las cosas] all of them;
    todos vinieron everybody o everyone came, they all came;
    quiero agradecer a todos su cooperación I would like to thank you all o everybody o everyone for your cooperation;
    ¿estamos todos? are we all here?, is everybody o everyone here?;
    todos están rotos they're all broken, all of them are broken;
    me los ha dado todos she's given me all of them, she's given me them all
    3. [otras frases]
    ante todo [sobre todo] above all;
    [en primer lugar] first of all;
    con todo (y con eso) all the same;
    de todo everything (you can think of);
    tenemos de todo we have everything;
    puede pasar de todo anything could happen;
    después de todo after all;
    del todo completely;
    no estoy del todo contento I'm not entirely happy;
    no lo hace mal del todo she doesn't do it at all badly;
    está en todo he thinks of everything;
    pese a todo, a pesar de todo in spite of o despite everything;
    todo lo más at (the) most;
    y todo: me invitó a cenar y todo she even asked me to dinner;
    se presentó en la fiesta con muletas y todo he turned up at the party, crutches and all;
    de todas todas without a shadow of a doubt;
    fue todo uno: subirse al barco y marearse fue todo uno no sooner had he got on the boat than he felt sick
    ♦ nm
    whole;
    jugarse el todo por el todo to stake everything
    ♦ adv
    [totalmente]
    el camarero era todo amabilidad the waiter was all friendliness, the waiter was extremely friendly;
    esa chica es todo huesos that girl is all skin and bones;
    soy todo oídos I'm all ears
    ♦ a todo esto loc adv
    [mientras tanto] meanwhile; [a propósito] by the way
    * * *
    I adj all;
    todos los domingos every Sunday;
    toda la clase the whole o the entire class
    II adv all;
    estaba todo sucio it was all dirty;
    con todo all the same;
    del todo entirely, absolutely
    III pron all, everything; pl everybody, everyone;
    estaban todos everybody was there;
    esto es todo cuanto sé that’s all I know
    :
    o todo o nada all or nothing;
    de todas todas fam without a shadow of a doubt;
    ir a por todas go all out;
    estar en todo be on top of things
    * * *
    todo, -da adj
    1) : all, whole, entire
    con toda sinceridad: with all sincerity
    toda la comunidad: the whole community
    2) : every, each
    a todo nivel: at every level
    3) : maximum
    a toda velocidad: at top speed
    4)
    todo el mundo : everyone, everybody
    todo nm
    : whole
    todo, -da pron
    1) : everything, all, every bit
    lo sabe todo: he knows it all
    es todo un soldado: he's every inch a soldier
    2) todos, -das pl
    : everybody, everyone, all
    * * *
    todo1 adj
    2. (cada) every
    todo el mundo everyone / everybody
    todo2 adv all
    todo3 pron
    2. (todas las cosas) everything
    3. (toda la gente) everyone / everybody

    Spanish-English dictionary > todo

  • 12 por

    prep.
    1 because of (causa).
    por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me
    ¿por qué? why?
    ¿por qué lo dijo? why did she say it?
    ¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?
    ¿por? (informal) why?
    se enfadó por tu comportamiento she got angry because of your behavior
    lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love
    2 (in order) to.
    lo hizo por complacerte he did it to please you
    lo hice por ella I did it for her
    3 by (medio, modo, agente).
    por mensajero/fax/teléfono by courier/fax/telephone
    estuvimos hablando por teléfono we were talking on the phone
    por escrito in writing
    lo cogieron por el brazo they took him by the arm
    el récord fue batido por el atleta the record was broken by the athlete
    4 through.
    vamos por aquí/allí let's go this/that way
    iba paseando por el bosque/la calle she was walking through the forest/along the street
    pasar por la aduana to go through customs
    5 for (a cambio de, en lugar de).
    lo ha comprado por poco dinero she bought it for very little
    cambió el coche por la moto he exchanged his car for a motorbike
    él lo hará por mí he'll do it for me
    6 per.
    mil unidades por semana a thousand units a o per week
    uno por uno one by one
    20 kms por hora 20 km an o per hour
    7 for.
    baja por tabaco go down to the shops for some cigarettes, go down to get some cigarettes
    a por for
    vino a por las entradas she came for the tickets
    8 times, multiplied by.
    * * *
    1 (gen) for
    2 (a través de) through, by
    3 (calle, carretera) along, down, up
    ■ íbamos por la calle cuando... we were walking along the street when...
    4 (lugar aproximado) in, near, round
    5 (causa) because of
    6 (tiempo) at, for
    7 (medio) by
    10 (tras) by
    12 (a favor de) for, in favour of, US in favor of
    14 (en lugar de) instead of, in the place of
    15 (multiplicado por) times, multiplied by
    ■ tres por cuatro, doce three fours are twelve, three times four is twelve
    16 por adjective que no matter how adjective
    ■ por caro que sea, lo voy a comprar no matter how expensive it is I'm going to buy it
    ■ por viejo que parezca funciona even though it looks old, it still works
    \
    estar por + inf (a punto de) to be on the point of + - ing
    estar por hacer to remain to be done, not to have been done yet
    por aquí around here
    por lo tanto therefore
    por lo visto apparently
    por más que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how much
    por mucho que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how much
    por mí as far as I am concerned
    ¿por qué? why?
    por supuesto of course
    por tanto therefore, so
    * * *
    prep.
    1) for
    3) by
    7) per
    8) from
    •
    * * *
    PREPOSICIÓN
    1) [causa]
    a) + sustantivo because of

    • nos encontramos por casualidad — we met by chance

    • lo hago por gusto — I do it because I like to

    • por temor a — for fear of

    b) + infin
    c) + adj
    2) [objetivo]
    a) + sustantivo for
    b) + infin

    por no llegar tarde — so as not to arrive late, in order not to be late

    3) (=en favor, defensa de) for

    hazlo por mí — do it for me, do it for my sake

    4) [elección]
    5) [evidencia] judging by, judging from

    por lo que dicen — judging by o from what they say

    por la cara que pone no debe de gustarle — judging by o from his face I don't think he likes it

    por las señas no piensa hacerlo — apparently he's not intending to do it, it doesn't seem like he's intending to do it

    6) [medio]

    • por correo — by post

    • por mar — by sea

    • hablar por señas — to use sign language

    7) [agente] by

    "dirigido por" — "directed by"

    8) [modo] by

    • por orden alfabético — in alphabetical order

    9) [lugar]

    ¿por dónde? — which way?

    10) [aproximación]

    por aquí cerca — near o around here

    por la feria — round about o around carnival time

    11) [tiempo]
    12) [duración] for
    13) [sustitución, intercambio] (=a cambio de) for; (=en lugar de) instead of
    14) [representación]

    interceder por algn — to intercede on sb's behalf, intercede for sb

    vino por su jefe — he came instead of o in place of his boss

    15) [distribución]

    80km por hora — 80km per o an hour

    tres dólares por persona — three dollars each, three dollars per person

    16) [en multiplicaciones]

    cinco por tres, quince — five times three is fifteen, five threes are fifteen

    17) (=en cuanto a)

    por mí no hay inconveniente — that's fine as o so far as I'm concerned

    por mí, que se vaya — as o so far as I'm concerned he can go, for all I care he can go

    por mí, como si quieres pasar una semana sin comer — I don't care if you want to go for a week without eating

    si por mi fuera, tú estarías trabajando — if it were o was down to me, you'd be working

    18) (=como)

    • tomar a algn por esposo/esposa — to take sb to be one's husband/wife

    • le tienen por tonto — they think he's stupid

    19) [concesión]
    + subjun

    por mucho que lo quisieran — however much they would like to, much as they would like to

    por más que lo intente — no matter how o however hard I try, try as I might

    20) [acción inacabada]
    + infin
    21) ir (a) por algo/algn (=en busca de) to go and get sth/sb

    voy a por él — [a buscarle] I'll go and get him; [a atacarle] I'm going to get him

    solo van a por las pelas — * they're only in it for the money

    ¡a por ellos! — get them!

    22) [en preguntas]
    por qué why

    ¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

    ¿por? * why (do you ask)?
    * * *
    1) ( en relaciones causales) because of

    por falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money

    si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...

    por + inf — for -ing

    2) ( según)

    por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...

    ¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

    por si — in case; acaso, mosca II

    por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try

    por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is

    5)

    colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height

    por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road

    me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend

    c) (Educ) from
    6)

    cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class

    uno por uno — one by one; ciento II

    tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

    7)
    a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) for
    b) ( como)

    ¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

    9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)

    por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her

    por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him

    10) (indicando consideración, favor) for
    11) (indicando inclinación, elección)

    salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

    por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

    por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean

    15) (esp AmL)

    estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)

    16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)

    ¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

    ¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?

    ¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

    17)

    ¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?

    ¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?

    por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere

    voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15

    pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc

    por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time

    19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for
    20) ( durante) for

    por el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche

    * * *
    = across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.
    Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.
    Ex. This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.
    Ex. I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.
    Ex. This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.
    Ex. A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.
    Ex. Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.
    Ex. Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.
    Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.
    Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.
    Ex. Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.
    Ex. Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.
    Ex. AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.
    Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.
    Ex. The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.
    Ex. 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.
    Ex. One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.
    Ex. Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.
    Ex. Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.
    Ex. But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.
    Ex. This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.
    ----
    * actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.
    * aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).
    * aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.
    * búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.
    * coger por sorpresa = catch out.
    * Día + por la tarde = late + Día.
    * digamos por ejemplo = let us say.
    * dominar por completo = sweep + the board.
    * encontrar por casualidad = come across.
    * encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.
    * error por omisión = omission failure.
    * estar por delante de = be ahead of.
    * hecho por encargo = bespoke.
    * introducir por primera vez = pioneer.
    * leer por encima = browse.
    * llamar por teléfono = call up.
    * muy por encima de todo = over and above all.
    * Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.
    * ordenado por fecha = in date order.
    * pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.
    * pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.
    * por accidente = accidentally.
    * por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].
    * por ahí = out there.
    * por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.
    * por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.
    * por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.
    * por algún motivo = for whatever reason.
    * por algún tiempo = for sometime.
    * por allí = nearby [near-by].
    * por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por analogía = by analogy.
    * por anticipado = in advance (of).
    * por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.
    * por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.
    * por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.
    * por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.
    * por aquí y por allí = hanging about.
    * por así decir = as it were.
    * por boca de = by word of mouth.
    * por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.
    * por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.
    * por buen camino = a step in the right direction.
    * por cabeza = per person.
    * por cable = wireline, corded.
    * por caminos apartados = off-road.
    * por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.
    * por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.
    * por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.
    * por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).
    * por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.
    * por coincidencia = by coincidence.
    * por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.
    * por completo = fully.
    * por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.
    * por consideración a = out of respect for.
    * por consideración a = out of consideration for.
    * por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.
    * por contra = in contrast.
    * por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.
    * por correo = by post, mailed.
    * por cortesía de = courtesy of.
    * por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.
    * por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.
    * por cuanto que = because.
    * por cuenta ajena = vicariously.
    * por cuenta de uno = privately.
    * por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.
    * por curiosidad = out of curiosity.
    * por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.
    * por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.
    * por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.
    * por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.
    * por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.
    * por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.
    * por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].
    * por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.
    * por décadas = ten-yearly.
    * por decidir = to be decided.
    * por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.
    * por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.
    * por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.
    * por decisión propia = by choice.
    * por defecto = by default, default.
    * por deferencia a = in deference to.
    * por definición = by definition.
    * por delante = ahead.
    * por delante de = ahead of.
    * por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.
    * por delante y por detrás = front and back.
    * por dentro = inwardly.
    * por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.
    * por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.
    * ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.
    * ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.
    * por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.
    * por divertirse = for kicks.
    * por doquier = all around.
    * por dos años = two-year.
    * por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.
    * por (el) amor a = for the love of.
    * ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.
    * por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.
    * por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.
    * por el cual = whereby, whereupon.
    * por el detalle = for detail.
    * por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.
    * por el día o por la noche = day or night.
    * por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.
    * por elección propia = by choice.
    * por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.
    * por el gobierno federal = federally.
    * por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.
    * por el hombre = humanly.
    * por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.
    * por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.
    * por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.
    * por el modo = by the way.
    * por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.
    * por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.
    * por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.
    * por el receptor = at the receiving end.
    * por el sexo = gendered.
    * por encargo = custom, bespoke.
    * por encima = overhead, cursorily.
    * por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.
    * por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * por encima de eso = beyond that.
    * por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.
    * por encima de la media = above average.
    * por encima de la tierra = aboveground.
    * por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.
    * por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.
    * por enfado = out of anger.
    * por enojo = out of anger.
    * por error = by mistake.
    * por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.
    * por escrito = in writing, in print, written.
    * por eso = on that score, therefore.
    * por eso que = hence.
    * por esta razón = for this reason.
    * por esta única razón = for this reason alone.
    * por este motivo = for this reason.
    * por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.
    * por etapas = staged.
    * por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.
    * por exceso = excessively, to excess.
    * por explotar = untapped.
    * por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.
    * por extensión = by extension.
    * por extenso = in full, at length.
    * por falta de = for want of, for lack of.
    * por fases = staged.
    * por favor = please.
    * por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].
    * por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.
    * por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).
    * por frustración = out of frustration.
    * por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.
    * por grupos = in batches.
    * por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por hora = hourly.
    * por horas = on an hourly basis.
    * por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).
    * por imitación = copycat.
    * por incremento gradual = incremental.
    * por incrementos graduales = incrementally.
    * por individuo = per capita, per person.
    * por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.
    * por instinto = instinctively.
    * por interés = out of interest.
    * por interés personal = self-interested.
    * por investigar = unresearched.
    * por invitación = invitational.
    * por invitación de = at the invitation of.
    * por la borda = overboard.
    * por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.
    * por la forma = by the way.
    * por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.
    * por la fuerza = forcibly.
    * por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.
    * por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.
    * por la manera = by the way.
    * por la mañana = in the morning.
    * por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.
    * por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.
    * por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.
    * por la presente = hereby.
    * por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.
    * por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.
    * por las nubes = soaring.
    * por la tarde = in the evening.
    * por ley = mandated.
    * por libre = freelance.
    * por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.
    * por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.
    * por lo pronto = for the time being.
    * por lo que = so.
    * por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.
    * por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.
    * por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.
    * por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.
    * por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.
    * ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.
    * por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.
    * por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.
    * por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.
    * por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.
    * por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.
    * por los suelos = in tatters.
    * por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.
    * por lo visto = apparently, apparently.
    * por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.
    * por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.
    * por mal camino = astray.
    * por más que lo intento = for the life of me.
    * por materias = subject-based, topically.
    * por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.
    * por medio = out of.
    * por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.
    * por medio de isótopos = isotopically.
    * por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.
    * por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.
    * por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.
    * por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.
    * por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.
    * por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.
    * por menús = menu-driven.
    * por méritos = meritorious.
    * por mes = per month.
    * por miedo de = for fear of/that.
    * por millones = in the millions, by the millions.
    * por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.
    * por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.
    * por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.
    * por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.
    * por muchas razones = in many ways.
    * por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.
    * por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.
    * por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.
    * por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.
    * por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.
    * por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.
    * por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.
    * por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.
    * por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.
    * por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.
    * por nada = for nothing.
    * por nada del mundo = for the life of me.
    * por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.
    * por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.
    * por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.
    * por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.
    * por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.
    * por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.
    * por no decir nunca = if ever.
    * por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.
    * por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.
    * por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.
    * por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.
    * por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.
    * por no mencionar = not to mention.
    * por norma = as a rule.
    * por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.
    * por orden de = mandated.
    * por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.
    * por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.
    * por orden numérico = in numerical order.
    * por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.
    * por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.
    * por parejas = in pairs.
    * por parte de = on the part of.
    * por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.
    * por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por pereza = lazily.
    * por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.
    * por persona = per person.
    * por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por poco dinero = cheaply.
    * por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.
    * por poderes = by proxy.
    * por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.
    * por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.
    * por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.
    * por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.
    * por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.
    * por principio = on principle.
    * por principios = as a matter of principle.
    * por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.
    * por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.
    * por propia iniciativa = self-directed.
    * por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.
    * por pura diversión = for kicks.
    * por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por qué = why.
    * por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * por razones de = for the sake of.
    * por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.
    * por razones éticas = on moral grounds.
    * por razones morales = on moral grounds.
    * por razones personales = for personal reasons.
    * por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.
    * por rencor = out of spite.
    * por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.
    * por rumores = grapevine.
    * por rutina = routinely.
    * por sacos = by the sackful.
    * por satélite = satellite-based.
    * por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.
    * por seguridad = for safety reasons.
    * por semana = per week.
    * por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.
    * por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.
    * por sexo = along gender lines.
    * por si = in the chance that.
    * por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.
    * por si casualidad = in the chance that.
    * por si era poco = for good measure.
    * por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.
    * por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.
    * por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.
    * por sí mismos = in themselves.
    * por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.
    * por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].
    * por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.
    * por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.
    * por si + tener + suerte = on spec.
    * por sorpresa = unawares.
    * por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.
    * por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.
    * por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.
    * por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.
    * por su papel = in its role.
    * por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.
    * por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.
    * por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.
    * por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.
    * ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.
    * por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.
    * por su volatilidad = mercurially.
    * por su volubilidad = mercurially.
    * por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.
    * por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.
    * por temas = topically.
    * por temor a = for fear of/that.
    * por temor a represalias = under duress.
    * por término medio = on average.
    * por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].
    * por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.
    * por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * por toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.
    * por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.
    * por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.
    * por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].
    * por todo el continente = continent-wide.
    * por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].
    * por todo el gobierno = government-wide.
    * por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.
    * por todo el servicio = service-wide.
    * por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.
    * por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.
    * por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.
    * por todos conocido = well-known.
    * por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.
    * por todos los medios = by all means.
    * por todos sitios = everywhere.
    * por triplicado = in triplicate.
    * por trueque = in kind.
    * por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.
    * por última vez = for the last time, one last time.
    * por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.
    * por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.
    * por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.
    * por unanimidad = unanimously.
    * por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.
    * por un gran margen = by a huge margin.
    * por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.
    * por unidad = per unit.
    * por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.
    * por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.
    * por un momento = for a moment.
    * por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.
    * por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.
    * por uno solo = solo.
    * por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.
    * por un tiempo = for a time.
    * por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.
    * por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.
    * por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.
    * por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.
    * por venganza = out of spite.
    * por voluntad propia = voluntarily.
    * quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.
    * tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.
    * transporte por tierra = land transport.
    * utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.
    * venta al por mayor = wholesaling.
    * * *
    1) ( en relaciones causales) because of

    por falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money

    si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...

    por + inf — for -ing

    2) ( según)

    por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...

    ¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

    por si — in case; acaso, mosca II

    por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try

    por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is

    5)

    colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height

    por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road

    me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend

    c) (Educ) from
    6)

    cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class

    uno por uno — one by one; ciento II

    tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

    7)
    a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) for
    b) ( como)

    ¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

    9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)

    por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her

    por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him

    10) (indicando consideración, favor) for
    11) (indicando inclinación, elección)

    salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

    por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

    por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean

    15) (esp AmL)

    estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)

    16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)

    ¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

    ¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?

    ¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

    17)

    ¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?

    ¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?

    por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere

    voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15

    pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc

    por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time

    19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for
    20) ( durante) for

    por el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche

    * * *
    = across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.

    Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

    Ex: This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.
    Ex: I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.
    Ex: This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.
    Ex: A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.
    Ex: Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.
    Ex: Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.
    Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.
    Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.
    Ex: Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.
    Ex: Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.
    Ex: AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.
    Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.
    Ex: The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.
    Ex: 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.
    Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.
    Ex: Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.
    Ex: Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.
    Ex: But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.
    Ex: This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.
    * actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.
    * aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).
    * aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.
    * búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.
    * coger por sorpresa = catch out.
    * Día + por la tarde = late + Día.
    * digamos por ejemplo = let us say.
    * dominar por completo = sweep + the board.
    * encontrar por casualidad = come across.
    * encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.
    * error por omisión = omission failure.
    * estar por delante de = be ahead of.
    * hecho por encargo = bespoke.
    * introducir por primera vez = pioneer.
    * leer por encima = browse.
    * llamar por teléfono = call up.
    * muy por encima de todo = over and above all.
    * Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.
    * ordenado por fecha = in date order.
    * pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.
    * pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.
    * por accidente = accidentally.
    * por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].
    * por ahí = out there.
    * por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.
    * por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.
    * por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.
    * por algún motivo = for whatever reason.
    * por algún tiempo = for sometime.
    * por allí = nearby [near-by].
    * por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por analogía = by analogy.
    * por anticipado = in advance (of).
    * por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.
    * por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.
    * por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.
    * por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.
    * por aquí y por allí = hanging about.
    * por así decir = as it were.
    * por boca de = by word of mouth.
    * por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.
    * por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.
    * por buen camino = a step in the right direction.
    * por cabeza = per person.
    * por cable = wireline, corded.
    * por caminos apartados = off-road.
    * por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.
    * por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.
    * por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.
    * por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).
    * por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.
    * por coincidencia = by coincidence.
    * por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.
    * por completo = fully.
    * por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.
    * por consideración a = out of respect for.
    * por consideración a = out of consideration for.
    * por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.
    * por contra = in contrast.
    * por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.
    * por correo = by post, mailed.
    * por cortesía de = courtesy of.
    * por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.
    * por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.
    * por cuanto que = because.
    * por cuenta ajena = vicariously.
    * por cuenta de uno = privately.
    * por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.
    * por curiosidad = out of curiosity.
    * por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.
    * por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.
    * por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.
    * por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.
    * por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.
    * por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.
    * por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.
    * por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].
    * por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.
    * por décadas = ten-yearly.
    * por decidir = to be decided.
    * por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.
    * por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.
    * por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.
    * por decisión propia = by choice.
    * por defecto = by default, default.
    * por deferencia a = in deference to.
    * por definición = by definition.
    * por delante = ahead.
    * por delante de = ahead of.
    * por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.
    * por delante y por detrás = front and back.
    * por dentro = inwardly.
    * por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.
    * por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.
    * ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.
    * ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.
    * por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.
    * por divertirse = for kicks.
    * por doquier = all around.
    * por dos años = two-year.
    * por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.
    * por (el) amor a = for the love of.
    * ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.
    * por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.
    * por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.
    * por el cual = whereby, whereupon.
    * por el detalle = for detail.
    * por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.
    * por el día o por la noche = day or night.
    * por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.
    * por elección propia = by choice.
    * por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.
    * por el gobierno federal = federally.
    * por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.
    * por el hombre = humanly.
    * por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.
    * por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.
    * por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.
    * por el modo = by the way.
    * por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.
    * por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.
    * por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.
    * por el receptor = at the receiving end.
    * por el sexo = gendered.
    * por encargo = custom, bespoke.
    * por encima = overhead, cursorily.
    * por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.
    * por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * por encima de eso = beyond that.
    * por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.
    * por encima de la media = above average.
    * por encima de la tierra = aboveground.
    * por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.
    * por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.
    * por enfado = out of anger.
    * por enojo = out of anger.
    * por error = by mistake.
    * por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.
    * por escrito = in writing, in print, written.
    * por eso = on that score, therefore.
    * por eso que = hence.
    * por esta razón = for this reason.
    * por esta única razón = for this reason alone.
    * por este motivo = for this reason.
    * por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.
    * por etapas = staged.
    * por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.
    * por exceso = excessively, to excess.
    * por explotar = untapped.
    * por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.
    * por extensión = by extension.
    * por extenso = in full, at length.
    * por falta de = for want of, for lack of.
    * por fases = staged.
    * por favor = please.
    * por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].
    * por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.
    * por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).
    * por frustración = out of frustration.
    * por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.
    * por grupos = in batches.
    * por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por hora = hourly.
    * por horas = on an hourly basis.
    * por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).
    * por imitación = copycat.
    * por incremento gradual = incremental.
    * por incrementos graduales = incrementally.
    * por individuo = per capita, per person.
    * por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.
    * por instinto = instinctively.
    * por interés = out of interest.
    * por interés personal = self-interested.
    * por investigar = unresearched.
    * por invitación = invitational.
    * por invitación de = at the invitation of.
    * por la borda = overboard.
    * por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.
    * por la forma = by the way.
    * por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.
    * por la fuerza = forcibly.
    * por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.
    * por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.
    * por la manera = by the way.
    * por la mañana = in the morning.
    * por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.
    * por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.
    * por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.
    * por la presente = hereby.
    * por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.
    * por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.
    * por las nubes = soaring.
    * por la tarde = in the evening.
    * por ley = mandated.
    * por libre = freelance.
    * por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.
    * por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.
    * por lo pronto = for the time being.
    * por lo que = so.
    * por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.
    * por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.
    * por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.
    * por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.
    * por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.
    * ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.
    * por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.
    * por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.
    * por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.
    * por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.
    * por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.
    * por los suelos = in tatters.
    * por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.
    * por lo visto = apparently, apparently.
    * por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.
    * por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.
    * por mal camino = astray.
    * por más que lo intento = for the life of me.
    * por materias = subject-based, topically.
    * por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.
    * por medio = out of.
    * por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.
    * por medio de isótopos = isotopically.
    * por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.
    * por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.
    * por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.
    * por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.
    * por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.
    * por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.
    * por menús = menu-driven.
    * por méritos = meritorious.
    * por mes = per month.
    * por miedo de = for fear of/that.
    * por millones = in the millions, by the millions.
    * por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.
    * por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.
    * por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.
    * por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.
    * por muchas razones = in many ways.
    * por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.
    * por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.
    * por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.
    * por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.
    * por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.
    * por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.
    * por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.
    * por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.
    * por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.
    * por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.
    * por nada = for nothing.
    * por nada del mundo = for the life of me.
    * por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.
    * por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.
    * por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.
    * por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.
    * por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.
    * por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.
    * por no decir nunca = if ever.
    * por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.
    * por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.
    * por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.
    * por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.
    * por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.
    * por no mencionar = not to mention.
    * por norma = as a rule.
    * por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.
    * por orden de = mandated.
    * por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.
    * por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.
    * por orden numérico = in numerical order.
    * por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.
    * por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.
    * por parejas = in pairs.
    * por parte de = on the part of.
    * por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.
    * por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por pereza = lazily.
    * por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.
    * por persona = per person.
    * por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por poco dinero = cheaply.
    * por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.
    * por poderes = by proxy.
    * por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.
    * por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.
    * por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.
    * por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.
    * por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.
    * por principio = on principle.
    * por principios = as a matter of principle.
    * por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.
    * por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.
    * por propia iniciativa = self-directed.
    * por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.
    * por pura diversión = for kicks.
    * por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.
    * por qué = why.
    * por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * por razones de = for the sake of.
    * por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.
    * por razones éticas = on moral grounds.
    * por razones morales = on moral grounds.
    * por razones personales = for personal reasons.
    * por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.
    * por rencor = out of spite.
    * por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.
    * por rumores = grapevine.
    * por rutina = routinely.
    * por sacos = by the sackful.
    * por satélite = satellite-based.
    * por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.
    * por seguridad = for safety reasons.
    * por semana = per week.
    * por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.
    * por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.
    * por sexo = along gender lines.
    * por si = in the chance that.
    * por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.
    * por si casualidad = in the chance that.
    * por si era poco = for good measure.
    * por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.
    * por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.
    * por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.
    * por sí mismos = in themselves.
    * por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.
    * por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].
    * por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.
    * por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.
    * por si + tener + suerte = on spec.
    * por sorpresa = unawares.
    * por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.
    * por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.
    * por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.
    * por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.
    * por su papel = in its role.
    * por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.
    * por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.
    * por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.
    * por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.
    * ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.
    * por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.
    * por su volatilidad = mercurially.
    * por su volubilidad = mercurially.
    * por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.
    * por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.
    * por temas = topically.
    * por temor a = for fear of/that.
    * por temor a represalias = under duress.
    * por término medio = on average.
    * por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].
    * por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.
    * por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * por toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.
    * por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.
    * por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.
    * por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].
    * por todo el continente = continent-wide.
    * por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].
    * por todo el gobierno = government-wide.
    * por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.
    * por todo el servicio = service-wide.
    * por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.
    * por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.
    * por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.
    * por todos conocido = well-known.
    * por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.
    * por todos los medios = by all means.
    * por todos sitios = everywhere.
    * por triplicado = in triplicate.
    * por trueque = in kind.
    * por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.
    * por última vez = for the last time, one last time.
    * por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.
    * por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.
    * por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.
    * por unanimidad = unanimously.
    * por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.
    * por un gran margen = by a huge margin.
    * por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.
    * por unidad = per unit.
    * por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.
    * por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.
    * por un momento = for a moment.
    * por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.
    * por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.
    * por uno solo = solo.
    * por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.
    * por un tiempo = for a time.
    * por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.
    * por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.
    * por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.
    * por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.
    * por venganza = out of spite.
    * por voluntad propia = voluntarily.
    * quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.
    * tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.
    * transporte por tierra = land transport.
    * utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.
    * venta al por mayor = wholesaling.

    * * *
    A en relaciones causales
    B según
    C ¿por qué?
    D en locuciones
    E en expresiones concesivas
    F
    1 en expresiones de modo
    2 indicando el medio
    3 Educación
    G
    1 en relaciones de proporción
    2 en multiplicaciones
    H
    1 en relaciones de sustitución etc
    2 por ejemplo
    I como
    A al expresar finalidad, objetivo
    B indicando consideración, favor
    C indicando inclinación, elección
    D en busca de
    E en lo que respecta a
    F indicando una situación pendiente
    G estar por
    A indicando lugar de acceso, salida
    B
    C expresando lugar determinado
    D indicando extensión
    A expresando tiempo aproximado
    B indicando una ocasión
    C durante
    he puesto esto aquí por el gato I've put this here because of the cat
    nunca se lo dijo por miedo a perderla he never told her out of fear of losing her o because he was afraid of losing her
    eso te pasa por crédulo that's what you get for being (so) gullible
    lo conseguimos por él we got it thanks to him
    ella es así por naturaleza she's like that by nature
    lo hace por necesidad he does it out of necessity
    no se acabó por falta de dinero it wasn't finished for o because of o owing to lack of money
    el final no por conocido me resulta menos triste knowing how it ends doesn't make it any less sad
    por su alto contenido en proteínas because of o owing to its high protein content
    tanto por su precio como por su practicidad both for its price and its practical design
    fue por eso por lo que no te llamé or fue por eso que no te llamé that was the reason o that was why I didn't call you
    precisamente por eso no dije nada that's precisely why I didn't say anything
    la muerte se produjo por asfixia he suffocated, death was caused by suffocation ( frml)
    éste serviría si no fuera por el color this one would do if it weren't for the color
    fue elogiado por su excelente actuación he was praised for his excellent performance
    por + INF for -ING
    me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
    B (según) from
    por lo que he oído from what I've heard
    por lo que parece no va a volver it seems o it would seem he's not coming back
    por mi experiencia diría que … from my experience, I would say that …
    C ( fam):
    ¿por? why?
    ¿con quién vas? — con Daniel ¿por? who are you going with? — with Daniel, why? o why do you want to know?
    ¿por qué lloras? why are you crying?
    ¿por qué no vienes a almorzar a casa? why don't you come to my house for lunch?
    por si in case
    llévate una muda, por si tuvieras que quedarte take a change of clothes (just) in case you have to stay
    acaso, mosca2 (↑ mosca (2))
    por más que me esfuerzo me sigue saliendo mal no matter how hard I try o however hard I try, I still can't get it right
    (+ subj): por (muy) fácil que se lo pongan, no creo que lo sepa hacer however easy o no matter how easy they make it for him I don't think he'll be able to do it
    F
    1
    (en expresiones de modo): clasifícalos por tamaño classify them according to size o by size
    colóquense por orden de altura line up in order of height
    por adelantado in advance
    por escrito in writing
    2
    (indicando el medio): se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phone
    lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio
    lo mandaron por avión/barco they sent it by air/sea
    por carretera by road
    la conocí por la voz I recognized the o her voice, I recognized her by her voice
    me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend
    lo intenté por todos los medios I tried everything possible o every possible way
    es doctor honoris causa por Oxford he has an honorary doctorate from Oxford
    un graduado en ciencias políticas por la universidad de Granada a graduate in political science from the university of Granada
    G
    1
    (en relaciones de proporción): cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class
    120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour
    lo venden por metro they sell it by the meter
    tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people
    había un hombre por cada dos mujeres there was one man to every two women
    tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide
    ya hemos hecho bastante por hoy we've done enough for today
    los hizo entrar uno por uno she made them come in one by one o one at a time
    examinar un escrito punto por punto to go through a document point by point
    ciento2 (↑ ciento (2))
    (en multiplicaciones): tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve
    H
    1
    (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación): su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf
    yo puedo ir por ti I can go for you o in your place
    por toda respuesta se encogió de hombros all he did was shrug his shoulders
    tú podrías pasar por inglesa you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman
    te dan uno nuevo por dos viejos they give you one new one in exchange for two old ones
    es senador por Canarias he's a senator for the Canary Islands
    2
    (como): por ejemplo for example
    ¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?
    un lugar frecuentado por muchos famosos a place frequented by many famous people
    se vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta they were caught in a sudden storm
    la ocupación de la fábrica por (parte de) los obreros the occupation of the factory by the workers
    ver tb parte2 f B. (↑ parte (2))
    A
    (al expresar finalidad, objetivo): se estaban peleando por la pelota they were fighting over the ball
    lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money
    te lo digo por tu bien I'm telling you for your own good
    por + INF:
    daría cualquier cosa por verte contento I'd give anything to see you happy
    no entré por no molestar I didn't go in so as not to disturb him o because I didn't want to disturb him
    eso es hablar por hablar that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it
    estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him
    recemos por que lleguen a un acuerdo let's pray that they'll come to an agreement
    siguieron luchando por que se hiciera justicia they continued fighting for justice to be done
    B
    (indicando consideración, favor): haría cualquier cosa por ti I'd do anything for you
    intercede por nosotros intercede for us
    por mí no lo hagas don't do it just for me o for my sake
    C
    (indicando inclinación, elección): su amor por la música her love of music
    demostró gran interés por el cuadro he showed great interest in the painting
    no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him
    opté por no ir I chose not to go
    votó por ella he voted for her
    ¿por la afirmativa? all those in favor?
    se manifestaron por el derecho al aborto they demonstrated for the right to abortion
    estar por algn ( fam); to be crazy about sb
    D
    (en busca de): salió/fue poror ( Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
    E
    (en lo que respecta a): por mí no hay inconveniente I don't mind
    que haga lo que le dé la gana, por mí … let him do what he likes, as far as I'm concerned …
    tengo toda la casa por limpiar I've got the whole house to clean
    estos cambios aún están por hacer these changes have still not been made o are yet to be made
    ver2 vt C 1. (↑ ver (2))
    G
    ( AmL) estar por + INF (estar a punto de): deben de estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute
    la leche está por hervir the milk's about to boil
    A
    (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria): entró por la ventana he came in through the window
    sal por aquí go out this way
    el acceso al edificio es por la calle Lamas you enter the building from Lamas Street
    el piano no va a pasar por la puerta the piano won't go through the door
    se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs
    subieron por la ladera este they went up by the east face
    ¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?
    fuimos por el camino más largo we took the longer route
    no vayas por ahí que te vas a perder don't go that way, you'll get lost
    ¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?
    ¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?
    B
    (expresando lugar indeterminado): está por ahí he's over there somewhere
    ¿por dónde está or queda el restaurante? whereabouts is the restaurant?
    viven por el sur/por mi barrio they live in the south somewhere/around my area
    hace mucho que no lo vemos por aquí we haven't seen him around here for ages
    ¿qué tal te fue por Londres? how did you get on in London?
    C
    (expresando lugar determinado): corta por aquí cut here
    voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15
    empieza por el principio start at the beginning
    agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle
    D
    (indicando extensión): lo he buscado por todos lados or por todas partes I've looked everywhere for it
    la epidemia se extendió por todo el país the epidemic spread throughout the (whole) country
    estuvimos viajando por el norte de Francia we were traveling around o in the North of France
    fuimos a caminar por la playa we went for a walk along the beach
    pasa un trapo por el piso give the floor a quick wipe
    A
    (expresando tiempo aproximado): por aquella época at that time
    por aquel entonces vivían en Pozuelo at that time they were living in Pozuelo
    sucedió por allá por 1960 it happened some time back around 1960
    me lo regalaron por mi cumpleaños they gave it to me for my birthday
    por Semana Santa pensamos ir a Londres we're thinking of going to London for Easter
    C (durante) for
    por los siglos de los siglos for ever and ever
    no se lo confío ni por un minuto I wouldn't trust him with it for a minute
    puede quedar así por el momento or por ahora it can stay like that for the time being o for now
    ver tb mañana3 (↑ mañana (3)), tarde2 (↑ tarde (2)), noche
    * * *

     

    por preposición
    1 ( causa) because of;
    ◊ por falta de dinero because of o owing to lack of money;

    por naturaleza by nature;
    por necesidad out of necessity;
    por eso no dije nada that's why I didn't say anything;
    fue por eso que no te llamé that was why I didn't call you;
    si no fuera por mi hijo … if it wasn't for my son …;
    me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
    2 ( en locs)

    no dijo por qué he didn't say why;
    ¿por qué no vienes conmigo? why don't you come with me?;
    por si in case;
    por si no entiende in case he doesn't understand;
    See Also→ acaso 2, mosca
    3 ( en expresiones concesivas):
    ◊ por más que me esfuerzo however hard o no matter how hard I try;

    por (muy) fácil que sea however easy o no matter how easy it is
    4
    a) ( modo):


    por adelantado in advance;
    por escrito in writing
    b) ( medio):


    lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio;
    por avión by air;
    la conocí por la voz I recognized her by her voice;
    me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend
    5

    ◊ cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class;

    120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour;
    por metro/docena by the meter/dozen;
    tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people;
    tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide;
    uno por uno one by one;
    See Also→ ciento sustantivo masculino b


    6

    ◊ su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf;

    pasa por inglesa she passes for an Englishwoman
    b) ( como):


    7 ( introduciendo el agente) by;

    1 (finalidad, objetivo):

    lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money;
    no entré por no molestarlo I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him;
    por que + subj (here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him
    2 (indicando inclinación, elección):

    no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him;
    votó por ella he voted for her
    3 ( en busca de): salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
    4 ( en lo que respecta a):
    ◊ por mí que haga lo que quiera as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

    5 (esp AmL) estar por + inf ( estar a punto de) to be about to + inf;

    deben (de) estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute
    1
    a) ( lugar):


    sal por aquí go out this way;
    se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs;
    ¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?;
    ¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?;
    está por ahí he's over there somewhere;
    ¿por dónde está el hotel? whereabouts is the hotel?;
    viven por mi barrio they live around my area;
    voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15;
    empieza por el principio start at the beginning;
    agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle
    b) ( indicando extensión): por todos lados or por todas partes everywhere;

    ◊ viajamos por el norte de Francia we traveled around o in the North of France;

    ver tb dentro, fuera, encima, etc
    2 ( tiempo) for;

    por el momento or por ahora for the time being, for now;
    ver tb mañana, tarde, noche
    3 (Esp) ( ocasión) for;

    por preposición
    1 (autoría) by: está escrito por mí, it was written by me
    2 (camino, lugar) through: viajamos por Castilla, we travelled round Castilla
    3 (medio) lo enviaron por avión, they sent it by plane
    me enteré por el periódico, I read about it in the newspaper
    4 (motivo, causa) because of
    por tu culpa, because of you
    (en favor de) for: hazlo por ellos, do it for their sake
    por la libertad, for freedom
    5 (en torno a) por San Juan, near Saint John's Day
    6 (durante) por la mañana/noche, in the morning/at night
    por el momento, for the time being
    7 (a través) entramos por la puerta, we got in through the door
    miramos por la ventana, we looked out (of) the window
    pasamos por la ciudad, we went through the town
    8 (sobre, por encima de) cruzaremos por el puente, we'll cross the bridge
    9 (delante de) paso todos los días por tu casa, I go by your house every day
    10 (a cambio de) for: te doy mi helado por tu yogur, I'll swap you my ice-cream for your yoghurt
    11 (en una distribución, cálculo) por cabeza, a head, per person
    mil pesetas por hora, a thousand pesetas per hour
    dos mil revoluciones por minuto, two thousand revolutions per minute
    12 (en una multiplicación) dos por dos, cuatro, two times two is four
    un diez por ciento, ten per cent
    13 (con infinitivo) in order to, so as to
    trabajar por trabajar, to work for the sake of it
    ♦ Locuciones: por así decirlo, so to speak
    por más/mucho que..., no matter how...
    por qué, why
    ' por' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abogar
    - abonar
    - abonarse
    - abotargada
    - abotargado
    - abuelo
    - acabar
    - acaso
    - accidente
    - acercarse
    - acertar
    - aclamación
    - acomplejada
    - acomplejado
    - acomplejarse
    - acoquinar
    - acostumbrar
    - actual
    - adelantada
    - adelantado
    - adivinar
    - admitir
    - adoración
    - aérea
    - aéreo
    - afanarse
    - afectada I
    - afectado
    - afición
    - agradecer
    - aguantar
    - ahí
    - ahogada
    - ahogado
    - ahora
    - ahorcarse
    - ahorrar
    - aire
    - alegrarse
    - algo
    - allá
    - allí
    - almacén
    - alquiler
    - alta
    - alto
    - aludida
    - aludido
    - amarga
    English:
    A
    - aback
    - ablaze
    - about
    - above
    - absence
    - absorb
    - accident
    - accidentally
    - acclaim
    - accompany
    - accord
    - accordingly
    - account
    - accustom
    - actual
    - actually
    - add to
    - advocate
    - after
    - afternoon
    - again
    - against
    - air
    - airmail
    - alert
    - allowance
    - alone
    - alphabetically
    - alternately
    - amble
    - amends
    - amok
    - angry
    - annihilate
    - annoy
    - answer for
    - answering service
    - antipathy
    - anxious
    - anywhere
    - apologetic
    - apologize
    - appal
    - appall
    - apparently
    - appearance
    - appease
    - appointment
    - appreciate
    * * *
    por prep
    1. [indica causa] because of;
    llegó tarde por el tráfico she was late because of the traffic;
    lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love;
    me disculpé por llegar tarde I apologized for arriving late;
    miré dentro por simple curiosidad I looked inside out of pure curiosity;
    accidentes por conducción temeraria accidents caused by reckless driving;
    muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares deaths from cardiovascular disease;
    no quise llamar por la hora (que era) I didn't want to call because of the time;
    cerrado por vacaciones/reformas [en letrero] closed for holidays/alterations;
    por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me;
    Esp
    fue por eso por lo que tuvimos tantos problemas, Am [m5] fue por eso que tuvimos tantos problemas that's why we had so many problems;
    eso te pasa por (ser tan) generoso that's what you get for being so generous;
    la razón por (la) que dimite the reason (why) she is resigning;
    ¿por qué? why?;
    ¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?;
    ¿por qué lo preguntas? – por nada why do you ask? – no reason;
    Fam
    ¿por? why?;
    por si in case;
    por si se te olvida in case you forget
    2. [indica indicio]
    por lo que me dices/lo que he oído no debe de ser tan difícil from what you say/what I've heard, it can't be that difficult;
    por lo que tengo entendido, viven juntos as I understand it, they live together, my understanding is that they live together;
    por lo visto, por lo que se ve apparently
    3. [indica finalidad] (antes de infinitivo) (in order) to;
    * * *
    prp
    1 motivo for, because of;
    lo hace por mí he does it for me;
    lo hizo por amor she did it out of o for love;
    luchó por sus ideales he fought for his ideals;
    por miedo a ofenderle for fear of upsetting her;
    vino por verme he came to see me
    2 medio by;
    por avión by air;
    por correo by mail, Br
    tb by post
    :
    por un año/un segundo for a year/a second;
    por la mañana in the morning;
    por Navidad around Christmas
    :
    por la calle down the street;
    por un tunel through a tunnel;
    por aquí this way
    5 posición aproximada around, about;
    está por aquí it’s around here (somewhere);
    vive por el centro de la ciudad she lives somewhere around the center of town
    :
    por cincuenta pesos for fifty pesos;
    por cabeza each, a head
    :
    por hora an o per hour;
    dos por dos two times two;
    ¿por qué? why?;
    por el que … the reason why …;
    esa factura aún está por pagar that invoice still has to be paid;
    por difícil que sea however difficult it might be
    * * *
    por prep
    1) : for, during
    se quedaron allí por la semana: they stayed there during the week
    por el momento: for now, at the moment
    2) : around, during
    por noviembre empieza a nevar: around November it starts to snow
    por la mañana: in the morning
    3) : around (a place)
    debe estar por allí: it must be over there
    por todas partes: everywhere
    4) : by, through, along
    por la puerta: through the door
    pasé por tu casa: I stopped by your house
    por la costa: along the coast
    5) : for, for the sake of
    lo hizo por su madre: he did it for his mother
    ¡por Dios!: for heaven's sake!
    6) : because of, on account of
    llegué tarde por el tráfico: I arrived late because of the traffic
    dejar por imposible: to give up as impossible
    7) : per
    60 millas por hora: 60 miles per hour
    por docena: by the dozen
    8) : for, in exchange for, instead of
    su hermana habló por él: his sister spoke on his behalf
    9) : by means of
    hablar por teléfono: to talk on the phone
    por escrito: in writing
    10) : as for
    por mí: as far as I'm concerned
    11) : times
    tres por dos son seis: three times two is six
    12) según: from, according to
    por lo que dices: judging from what you're telling me
    13) : as, for
    por ejemplo: for example
    14) : by
    hecho por mi abuela: made by my grandmother
    por correo: by mail
    15) : for, in order to
    lucha por ganar su respeto: he struggles to win her respect
    estar por : to be about to
    por ciento : percent
    por favor : please
    por lo tanto : therefore, consequently
    ¿por qué? : why?
    por... que : no matter how
    por mucho que intente: no matter how hard I try
    por si or
    por si acaso : just in case
    * * *
    por prep
    1. (a través de) through
    2. (la calle) along / down
    3. (indica camino) via / by
    6. (a causa de) because of
    7. (a fin de) to / in order to
    10. (multiplicado) times
    12. (en vez de) instead of
    ir por / ir a por to fetch
    ¡ve a por mis zapatillas, por favor! fetch my slippers, please!
    por + adjetivo however + adjective
    por lo general generally / usually
    por si... in case...
    ¿por qué? why?

    Spanish-English dictionary > por

  • 13 impedimento

    m.
    1 obstacle.
    no hay ningún impedimento para hacerlo there's no reason why we shouldn't do it
    2 disablement, handicap.
    3 impediment, snag, difficulty, obstacle.
    4 delay.
    5 estoppel.
    * * *
    1 (gen) impediment; (obstáculo) hindrance, obstacle; (problema) hitch
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=dificultad) impediment, hindrance
    2) (Med) disability, handicap
    * * *
    masculino obstacle, impediment
    * * *
    = encumbrance, handicap, hurdle, impediment, limiting factor, inhibition, obstruction, stumbling block, bar, blockage, roadblock, hindrance, impairment, albatross.
    Ex. Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.
    Ex. A high exhaustivity of indexing, then, is beneficial where a thorough search is required, but may be a handicap when only a few highly relevant documents are sought.
    Ex. Schoolchildren, students, and other whose native language is written in a non-Roman script may find alphabetical order according to Roman characters an almost insurmountable hurdle in the use of catalogues and indexes.
    Ex. It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.
    Ex. In other cases, the capacity and performance of computer equipment prove to be the limiting factor, although continuing advances in fields like data networks, voice input and output, and computer vision keep pushing these limits further and further back.
    Ex. This has been a major source of inhibition to the development of British efforts to create a bank of microcopy versions of theses accepted.
    Ex. Harmonization of technical standards is one of the Community's principal goals in creating a common market devoid of obstructions to the free movement of goods.
    Ex. These stumbling blocks can often be bypassed in the initial stages of OSI implementation by choosing applications that do not require close integration with existing library systems.
    Ex. Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.
    Ex. The problem in relation to communication is probably the most difficult of them all, as the blockage lies in people rather than with the library.
    Ex. The roadblock to increasing book translations into English is not that there is insufficient funding but that few publishers know about grant schemes that are available.
    Ex. The overall effect of the labels and signs is not so much help but hindrance through information overload.
    Ex. A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.
    Ex. The sheer margin of the challenger's victory over the incumbent is a sign that the Democratic base is really fired up, and that Bush could be an albatross.
    ----
    * creación de impedimentos = fence building.
    * impedimento colateral por sentencia = collateral estoppel.
    * impedimento del habla = speech impediment.
    * impedimento legal = estoppel.
    * personas confinadas a permanecer en casa por cualquier impedimento, las = housebound, the.
    * sin impedimentos = unimpeded.
    * * *
    masculino obstacle, impediment
    * * *
    = encumbrance, handicap, hurdle, impediment, limiting factor, inhibition, obstruction, stumbling block, bar, blockage, roadblock, hindrance, impairment, albatross.

    Ex: Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.

    Ex: A high exhaustivity of indexing, then, is beneficial where a thorough search is required, but may be a handicap when only a few highly relevant documents are sought.
    Ex: Schoolchildren, students, and other whose native language is written in a non-Roman script may find alphabetical order according to Roman characters an almost insurmountable hurdle in the use of catalogues and indexes.
    Ex: It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.
    Ex: In other cases, the capacity and performance of computer equipment prove to be the limiting factor, although continuing advances in fields like data networks, voice input and output, and computer vision keep pushing these limits further and further back.
    Ex: This has been a major source of inhibition to the development of British efforts to create a bank of microcopy versions of theses accepted.
    Ex: Harmonization of technical standards is one of the Community's principal goals in creating a common market devoid of obstructions to the free movement of goods.
    Ex: These stumbling blocks can often be bypassed in the initial stages of OSI implementation by choosing applications that do not require close integration with existing library systems.
    Ex: Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.
    Ex: The problem in relation to communication is probably the most difficult of them all, as the blockage lies in people rather than with the library.
    Ex: The roadblock to increasing book translations into English is not that there is insufficient funding but that few publishers know about grant schemes that are available.
    Ex: The overall effect of the labels and signs is not so much help but hindrance through information overload.
    Ex: A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.
    Ex: The sheer margin of the challenger's victory over the incumbent is a sign that the Democratic base is really fired up, and that Bush could be an albatross.
    * creación de impedimentos = fence building.
    * impedimento colateral por sentencia = collateral estoppel.
    * impedimento del habla = speech impediment.
    * impedimento legal = estoppel.
    * personas confinadas a permanecer en casa por cualquier impedimento, las = housebound, the.
    * sin impedimentos = unimpeded.

    * * *
    1 (obstáculo) obstacle, impediment
    un importante impedimento para la expansión a major impediment o obstacle to expansion
    saldremos mañana si no surge ningún impedimento if there are no hitches o problems, we'll leave tomorrow
    2 ( Der) impediment
    Compuesto:
    physical handicaps
    * * *

    impedimento sustantivo masculino
    obstacle, impediment;

    impedimento físico physical handicap
    impedimento m (dificultad) hindrance, obstacle
    Jur impediment

    ' impedimento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    traba
    - remover
    English:
    bar
    - impediment
    - liability
    - obstacle
    - handicap
    * * *
    1. [obstáculo] obstacle;
    no hay ningún impedimento para hacerlo there's no reason why we shouldn't do it;
    no nos puso ningún impedimento para la celebración de la fiesta he didn't put any obstacles in the way of our having the party, he in no way tried to stop us having the party;
    si no surge ningún impedimento llegaremos a las ocho all being well, we'll be there at eight o'clock
    2. [para el matrimonio] impediment
    * * *
    m impediment
    * * *
    1) : impediment, obstacle
    2) : disability

    Spanish-English dictionary > impedimento

  • 14 poner

    v.
    1 to put.
    Ella puso el mantel She set the tablecloth.
    Ella puso su mejor esfuerzo She exerted her best effort.
    2 to give, to set (asignar) (tarea, examen).
    le pusieron Mario they called him Mario
    le pusieron un cinco en el examen he got five out of ten in the exam
    3 to switch or put on (conectar) (televisión, radio).
    4 to send (comunicar) (telegrama, fax).
    ¿me pones con él? can you put me through to him? (peninsular Spanish)
    5 to show (Cine, Teatro & TV).
    ¿qué ponen en la tele? what's on the telly?
    6 to set up.
    ha puesto una tienda she has opened a shop
    poner la mesa to lay the table
    7 to do up.
    han puesto su casa con mucho lujo they've done up their house in real style
    8 to put in.
    poner dinero en el negocio to put money into the business
    poner algo de mi/tu/etc. parte to do my/your/etc bit
    poner mucho empeño en (hacer) algo to put a lot of effort into (doing) something
    Ponga más sal Put in more salt.
    9 to suppose.
    pongamos que sucedió así (let's) suppose that's what happened
    pon que necesitemos cinco días suppose we need five days
    poniendo que todo salga bien assuming everything goes according to plan
    10 to say (decir). (peninsular Spanish)
    ¿qué pone ahí? what does it say?
    11 to lay (eggs) (ave).
    12 to make, to render, to turn, to get.
    13 to apply, to put on.
    Ella puso desinfectante She applied disinfectant.
    14 to lay eggs, to lay.
    La gallina puso The hen laid eggs.
    15 to say about.
    * * *
    Present Indicative
    pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponéis, ponen.
    Past Indicative
    Future Indicative
    Conditional
    Present Subjunctive
    Imperfect Subjunctive
    Future Subjunctive
    Imperative
    pon (tú), ponga (él/Vd.), pongamos (nos.), poned (vos.), pongan (ellos/Vds.).
    Past Participle
    puesto,-a.
    * * *
    verb
    3) set
    4) set up, establish
    5) add
    6) switch on, put on
    7) lay
    •
    - ponerse
    * * *
    Para las expresiones poner cuidado, poner en duda, poner por las nubes, poner a parir, poner como un trapo, poner verde, poner de vuelta y media, poner por testigo, ponerse por delante, ver la otra entrada.
    1. VERBO TRANSITIVO
    1) (=colocar, situar) to put

    ¿dónde pongo mis cosas? — where shall I put my things?

    • poner algo [aparte] — to put sth aside, put sth to one side

    • ponlo en su [sitio] — put it back

    2) [+ ropa, calzado] to put on
    3) (=añadir) to add

    ponle más sal — add some salt, put some more salt in it

    4) (=aplicar, administrar) to put
    5) (=disponer, preparar)

    • poner la [mesa] — to lay {o} set the table

    6) (=instalar)
    a) [+ teléfono, calefacción] to put in
    b) [+ tienda] to open; [+ casa] to furnish
    7) (=exponer)

    ponlo al sol — leave {o} put it out in the sun

    8) (=hacer funcionar) [+ radio, televisión, calefacción] to put on, turn on; [+ disco] to put on, play

    ¿pongo música? — shall I put some music on?

    9) (=ajustar) [+ despertador] to set

    • poner el reloj [en hora] — to put one's watch right

    • ponlo [más alto] — turn it up

    10) (=adoptar)

    ¿por qué pones esa voz tan tonta? — why are you speaking in that silly voice?

    • ¡no pongas esa [cara]! — don't look at me like that!

    11) (=volver) + adj, adv to make

    para no ponerle de mal humor — so as not to make him cross, so as not to put him in a bad mood

    ¡cómo te han puesto! — (=te han manchado) look what a mess you are!; (=te han pegado) they've given you a right thumping!

    12) (=servir)

    ¿qué te pongo? — what can I get you?, what would you like?

    ¿me pones más patatas? — could I have some more potatoes?

    13) (=conectar por teléfono) to put through

    ¿me pone con el Sr. García, por favor? — could you put me through to Mr García, please?

    14) (=exhibir)

    ¿qué ponen en el cine? — what's on at the cinema?

    ¿ponen alguna película esta noche? — is there a film on tonight?

    15) (=enviar) to send
    16) (=escribir) to put

    ¿qué pongo en la carta? — what shall I put in the letter?

    ¿te has acordado de poner el remite? — did you remember to put the return address on it?

    17) (=decir, estar escrito) to say

    ¿qué pone aquí? — what does it say here?

    18) (=imponer) [+ examen, trabajo] to give, set

    nos pone mucho trabajo — he gives {o} sets us a lot of work

    • me han puesto una [multa] — I've been fined, I've been given a fine

    19) (=oponer) [+ inconvenientes] to raise

    • le pone [peros] a todo — he's always finding fault with everything

    20) (=aportar, contribuir)
    [+ dinero]

    yo pongo el dinero pero ella escoge — I do the paying, but she does the choosing

    21) (=invertir) to put in
    22) (=apostar)
    23) (=llamar) to call

    ¿qué nombre {o} cómo le van a poner? — what are they going to call him?, what name are they giving him?

    24) (=criticar, alabar)

    • te puso muy [bien] ante el jefe — she was very nice about you to the boss

    • ¡[cómo] te han puesto! — (=te han criticado) they had a real go at you!; (=te han alabado) they were really nice about you!

    • tu cuñada te ha puesto muy [mal] — your sister-in-law was very nasty about you

    25) (=tildar)

    • poner a algn [de], la han puesto de idiota para arriba — they called her an idiot and worse

    26) (=suponer)

    • pongamos [que] ganas la lotería — suppose {o} supposing you win the lottery

    poniendo que... — supposing that...

    27)

    • poner a algn [a] + infin —

    28)

    • poner a Juan [bien] con Pedro — to make things up between Juan and Pedro

    • poner a Juan [mal] con Pedro — to make Juan fall out with Pedro, cause a rift between Juan and Pedro

    29) [en trabajo]

    • poner a algn [de], puso a su hija de sirvienta — she got her daughter a job as a servant

    30)
    31) [gallina] [+ huevos] to lay
    2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO
    1) [aves] to lay (eggs)
    2) (=apostar)
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( colocar) to put

    lo pusieron en el curso avanzado — he was put o placed in the advanced class

    b) <anuncio/aviso> to place, put
    2) ( agregar) to put

    ¿cuándo se le pone el agua? — when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?

    ¿le pones azúcar al café? — do you take sugar in your coffee?

    3) <ropa/calzado> (+ me/te/le etc)

    ¿me pones los zapatos? — can you put my shoes on (for me)?

    4) <inyección/supositorio> to give
    5)

    poner la mesa — to lay o set the table

    6)
    a) (instalar, montar) <oficina/restaurante> to open
    b) <cocina/teléfono/calefacción> to install
    c) cerradura/armario to fit
    7) ave < huevo> to lay
    8) (Esp) (servir, dar)

    ¿qué le pongo? — what can I get you?

    póngame un café, por favor — I'll have a coffee, please

    ¿cuántos le pongo? — how many would you like?

    9)
    b) ( proporcionar) autobús/tren to lay on
    10) < atención> to pay; <cuidado/interés> to take
    11)
    a) ( imponer) < deberes> to give, set; <examen/problema> to set
    b) ( oponer)

    no puso inconveniente — he didn't have o raise any objections

    a todo le pone peros or pegas — she finds fault with everything

    c) ( adjudicar) < nota> to give

    ¿qué nota te puso? — what mark did he give you?

    12) ( dar) <nombre/apodo> to give; < ejemplo> to give

    ¿qué título le pusiste? — what title did you give it?

    le pusieron el apodo de `el cojo' — they nicknamed him `el cojo'

    13) ( enviar) < telegrama> to send
    14) ( escribir) to put
    15) (esp Esp) ( expresar por escrito) to say
    16) (Esp) (exhibir, dar) <obra/película>

    ¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? — is there anything interesting on TV?

    ¿qué ponen en el Royal? — what's on o what's showing at the Royal?

    17) (RPl) ( tardar) to take
    18) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)
    19) ( adoptar) cara/voz
    20)

    poner a alguien a + inf: puso a las hijas a trabajar he sent his daughters out to work; lo puse a hacer los deberes — I made him do his homework

    b)

    poner a alguien de algo: la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of department; lo pusieron de ángel he was given the part of an angel; siempre te pone de ejemplo — he always holds you up as an example

    21) ( suponer)

    pon que perdemos ese tren... — say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train...

    pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados — suppose o let's just say they're wrong

    ponerle — (esp AmL)

    ¿cuánto se tarda? - ponle dos horas — how long does it take? - about two hours o reckon on two hours

    22)
    a) (conectar, encender) <televisión/calefacción> to turn on, switch on, put on; <programa/canal> to put on; < disco> to put on

    puso el motor en marcha — she switched on o started the engine

    b) (ajustar, graduar)
    23) (Esp) ( al teléfono)

    poner a alguien con algo/alguien — to put somebody through to something/somebody

    ¿me pone con la extensión 24? — could you put me through to extension 24, please?

    2.
    vi gallina to lay
    3.
    1) ponerse v pron
    2)
    a) (refl) ( colocarse)

    pongámonos a la sombra — let's sit (o lie etc) in the shade

    ponerse de rodillas — to kneel (down), get down on one's knees

    ponte ahí, junto al árbol — stand over there, by the tree

    se me/le puso que... — (AmS fam) I/he had a feeling that... (colloq)

    se le pone cada cosa... — he gets the strangest ideas into his head

    b) (Esp) ( llegar)
    3) sol to set
    4) (refl) <calzado/maquillaje/alhaja> to put on

    me puse el collar de perlas — I wore o put on my pearl necklace

    5) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)

    cómo te has puesto de barro! — look at you, you're covered in mud!

    6)
    a) ( empezar)

    ponerse a + inf — to start -ing, to start + inf

    se puso a llover — it started raining o started to rain

    b) (CS arg) ( contribuir dinero)

    cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse — when the bill comes, everyone has to cough up (colloq)

    yo me pongo con cien — I'll put in o chip in a hundred

    7) (Esp) ( al teléfono)

    ¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone — Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for you

    * * *
    = affix, fit, put, set, lay, set up, lay out on, lay down, deposit, play, lay out, plant, bung + Nombe + in, get on.
    Ex. Some libraries use small stickers affixed to the spines which have cartoons or ideograms indicating a special genre.
    Ex. One such method requires that each book has a magnetic strip inserted into the spine and a special exit door is fitted across which an electric signal is beamed.
    Ex. If you encounter an unlabeled document during charge-out, peel off one of the preprinted labels and put it in the document.
    Ex. If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.
    Ex. By such mutual assistance, the wits and endeavours of the world may no longer be as so many scattered coals, or firebrands, which, for want of union are soon quenched, whereas, being but laid together, they would have yielded a comfortable light and heat.
    Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.
    Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.
    Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.
    Ex. The run-off paper must be thick and absorbent to cope with the thick layer of ink deposited on it by the duplicator.
    Ex. In another style of lesson, the book is approached through film clips, dramatizations on TV, or played on records or tapes made commercially.
    Ex. There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'To everything there is a season...a time to plant and a time to pluck up that which is planted: a life-cycle analysis of education for librarianship'.
    Ex. Instead of bunging it in the washing machine, clean it carefully by hand using lukewarm water.
    Ex. The full-length, two-direction zipper makes it easy to get on and off, and the bottom is easy to unzip for diaper changes.
    ----
    * con la mirada puesta en = in + Posesivo + sights.
    * cosas + ponerse feas = things + get rough.
    * costes + ponerse por las nubes = costs + spiral.
    * de quita y pon = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up, removable.
    * encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].
    * no poner en duda = be unquestioned.
    * poner a Alguien al cargo de = put + Nombre + in charge of.
    * poner a Alguien al frente de = put + Nombre + in charge of.
    * poner a Alguien al mando de = put + Nombre + in charge of.
    * poner a Alguien al tanto de = fill + Alguien + in on.
    * poner a Alguien contra las cuerdas = put + Nombre + on the spot.
    * poner a Alguien en contacto con = put + Nombre + in touch with.
    * poner a Alguien en el compromiso de = leave + Nombre + with the choice of.
    * poner a Alguien en guardia = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.
    * poner a Alguien en su sitio = cut + Nombre + down to size, knock + Nombre + off + Posesivo + pedestal, cut + Nombre + down to size.
    * poner a Alguien en un aprieto = put + Nombre + on the spot.
    * poner a Alguien en un apuro = put + Alguien + on the spot, put + Nombre + on the spot.
    * poner a Alguien en un compromiso = put + Alguien + on the spot.
    * poner a Alguien en un pedestal = put + Nombre + on a pedestal.
    * poner a cargo de = put in + charge of.
    * poner a disposición = keep within + reach.
    * poner a disposición de = make + available to, put at + the disposal of, place + at the disposal of, bring within + reach.
    * poner a la altura de las circunstancias = bring + Nombre + up to par.
    * poner a la defensiva = put on + the defensive.
    * poner al alcance = bring within + reach.
    * poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.
    * poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.
    * poner Algo a disposición = put + Nombre + within reach.
    * poner Algo al alcance = put + Nombre + within reach.
    * poner Algo al descubierto = bring + Nombre + to the surface.
    * poner Algo a mano = put + Nombre + within reach.
    * poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.
    * poner Algo en = stick + Nombre + on.
    * poner Algo en Internet = put (out) + Nombre + on the web.
    * poner Algo patas arriba = turn + Nombre + inside-out.
    * poner Algo por delante de = put + Nombre + ahead of.
    * poner Alguien al descubierto = blow + Posesivo + cover.
    * poner + Alguien + frenético = make + Alguien + furious.
    * poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.
    * poner al revés = upend.
    * poner al tanto (de) = bring into + the swim of, bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.
    * poner al tanto sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.
    * poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.
    * poner a + Número = set to + Número.
    * poner aparte = set + apart.
    * poner a + Posesivo + disposición = put at + Posesivo + fingertips.
    * poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, plumb + the depths of, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.
    * poner a prueba la paciencia de Alguien = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience.
    * poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = try + the patience of a saint.
    * poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.
    * poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.
    * poner a punto = overhaul, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.
    * poner atención = lend + an ear, listen (to).
    * poner a un lado = lay + Nombre + aside, set + aside.
    * poner bonito = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.
    * poner carnada = bait.
    * poner cebo = bait.
    * poner como ejemplo = instance, cite + as an example, showcase.
    * poner con chinchetas = thumbtack.
    * poner delante de = lay before.
    * poner de manifiesto = bring into + relief, highlight, show, state, throw into + relief, throw up, evince, illustrate, underscore, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], bring to + light, make + it + clear, lay + bare, provide + insight into, reveal, flag + Nombre + up.
    * poner de manifiesto las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.
    * poner demasiado énfasis en Algo = overemphasise [over-emphasise] [overemphasize, -USA].
    * poner de patitas en la calle = give + Nombre + the boot, sack, boot (out), give + Nombre + the sack, turf out.
    * poner de pie = stand + upright.
    * poner de pie apoyado sobre un costado = stand on + Posesivo + side.
    * poner de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + bit.
    * poner de relieve = bring into + relief, throw into + relief, underscore, highlight, show, state, throw up, evince, illustrate, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], flag + Nombre + up, reveal.
    * poner de relieve la importancia = underscore + importance.
    * poner doble acristalamiento = double glaze.
    * poner el candado = padlock.
    * poner el centro de atención = put + focus.
    * poner el colofón final = bookend.
    * poner el culo = take + Nombre + lying down.
    * poner el dedo en la llaga = hit + a (raw) nerve, touch on + raw nerve, hit + the nail on the head, strike + home, strike + a nerve, touch on + a sore spot, touch + a (raw) nerve.
    * poner el despertador = set + the alarm clock.
    * poner el énfasis = put + focus.
    * poner el grito en el cielo = be (all) up in arms, kick up + a stink, kick up + a fuss, blow + Posesivo + top, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack, scream + blue murder, froth at + the mouth, shout + blue murder.
    * poner el matasellos a una carta = postmark.
    * poner el precio = price.
    * poner el sello = stamp.
    * poner el sello a = place + a stamp on.
    * poner el sello de = rubber stamp.
    * poner empeño = strive.
    * poner en adobo = marinade.
    * poner en alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.
    * poner en alquiler = rent out.
    * poner en apuros = cast + a shadow over, put + Nombre + in difficulties.
    * poner encima = top with.
    * poner en circulación = circulate.
    * poner en claro = clear up.
    * poner en cola = queue.
    * poner en cola de espera = place + in queue.
    * poner en contacto = bring into + relationship, contact, provide + an interface, bring into + contact.
    * poner en contenedor = containerise [containerize, -USA].
    * poner en cuarentena = quarantine.
    * poner en cuestión = call into + question, render + questionable.
    * poner en cuestión la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.
    * poner en dificultades = put + Nombre + in difficulties.
    * poner en duda = challenge, be flawed, question, render + suspect, unsettle, cast + doubt on, regard + with suspicion, put in + doubt, call into + question, shed + doubt, throw into + doubt, throw + doubt on.
    * poner en duda la validez de = bring into + question the validity of.
    * poner en duda unos principios = shake + foundations.
    * poner en el haber de = credit.
    * poner en entredicho = challenge, cast + doubt on, subvert, compromise, cast + aspersions on, challenge + Posesivo + assumptions, doubt, question, call into + question, impugn.
    * poner en entredicho una postura = compromise + position.
    * poner en escena = stage.
    * poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.
    * poner en evidencia = make + it + clear, underline, bring to + light, put + Nombre + to shame, call + Posesivo + bluff, bring to + the fore.
    * poner énfasis = put + emphasis.
    * poner énfasis en = lay + stress on, place + emphasis on, lay + emphasis on.
    * poner en forma = buff up.
    * poner en funcionamiento = activate, set in + action, set up, trip, put into + working order, put in + place, put in + place, put into + place, set in + motion.
    * poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).
    * poner en garantía = pawn.
    * poner en hielo = ice.
    * poner en juego = tap.
    * poner en la calle = evict.
    * poner en la pared = pin up.
    * poner en la red + Documento Impreso = webify + Documento Impreso.
    * poner en libertad = release from + jail.
    * poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.
    * poner en libertad condicional = release on + bail.
    * poner en libertad condicional, poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.
    * poner en lista de espera = put + on a waiting list.
    * poner en marcha = implement, set up, trip, set out on, crank up.
    * poner en marcha un proyecto = mobilise + effort.
    * poner en órbita = place into + orbit.
    * poner en orden = tidy up, put in + order, clear up.
    * poner en peligro = jeopardise [jeopardize, -USA], put into + jeopardy, imperil, put at + risk, compromise, endanger, pose + risk.
    * poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.
    * poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.
    * poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.
    * poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.
    * poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.
    * poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.
    * poner en préstamo = circulate.
    * poner en primer plano = foreground.
    * poner en relación = bring into + relationship.
    * poner en remojo = steep.
    * poner en ridículo = poke + fun at.
    * poner en riesgo = put at + risk.
    * poner en su sitio = put in + place.
    * poner en tela de juicio = throw + doubt on, contest.
    * poner en tensión = put + Nombre + under pressure.
    * poner entre comillas = enclose + in quotation marks.
    * poner entre corchetes = bracket.
    * poner entre la espada y la pared = press to + the point.
    * poner entre paréntesis = bracket.
    * poner entre rejas = put + Nombre + behind bars.
    * poner en uso = bring into + use, take in + use.
    * poner en venta = put on + sale.
    * poner esfuerzo = give + effort.
    * poner fin = curb, bring to + a close, draw to + a close.
    * poner fin a = put + paid to, put + an end to, put + a stop to, call + a halt on, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, sound + the death knell for, kill off.
    * poner fin a un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.
    * poner freno = curb.
    * poner freno a = place + a curb on, clamp down on.
    * poner fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.
    * poner guiones = hyphenate.
    * poner huevos = lay + eggs, oviposit.
    * poner impuestos = impose + VAT.
    * poner la brida = bridle.
    * poner la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.
    * poner la casa patas arriba = turn + the house upside down.
    * poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.
    * poner ladrillos = laying of bricks, lay + bricks.
    * poner la fecha = date-stamp.
    * poner la mesa = lay + the table.
    * poner la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.
    * poner la responsabilidad en = put + the burden on.
    * poner las antenas = prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.
    * poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.
    * poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * poner las cartas sobre la mesa = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * poner las cosas en marcha = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.
    * poner las cosas en movimiento = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.
    * poner las cosas en su lugar = set + the record straight.
    * poner las esposas = handcuff.
    * poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.
    * ponerle el cascabel al gato = stick + Posesivo + neck out (for), stick out + Posesivo + neck.
    * ponerle la guinda = put + icing on the cake.
    * ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.
    * ponerle los cuernos a = cuckold.
    * ponerlo de otra manera = put it + in a different way.
    * poner lo pelos de punta = frighten + the living daylights out of.
    * poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.
    * poner los pelos de punta = bristle, scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, make + Posesivo + hair stand on end, scare + the hell out of.
    * poner los pies en alto = put + Posesivo + feet up.
    * poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.
    * poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.
    * poner más fuerte = crank up.
    * poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho empeño en = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.
    * poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.
    * poner negro = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend.
    * poner nervioso = rattle.
    * poner nervioso a Alguien = give + Nombre + the screaming abdabs.
    * poner + Nombre + a dieta = put + Nombre + on a diet.
    * poner + Nombre + a + Nombre = place + Nombre + against + Nombre.
    * poner objeciones = object.
    * poner objeciones a = object to.
    * poner obstáculos = cramp.
    * poner orden = bring + order, tidying (up), create + order, clear out, clear up.
    * poner orden en el caos = create + order out of chaos, create + order out of chaos.
    * poner papel en la impresora = load + printer.
    * poner parches = patch up, patch.
    * poner patas arriba = upend.
    * poner pegas = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.
    * poner peros = baulk [balk, -USA], cavil (about/at), quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.
    * poner por las nubes = praise + highly, wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous, praise + Nombre + to the skies, sing + Posesivo + praises.
    * poner por los suelos = slate, slag + Nombre + off, mouth off, say + nasty things about, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, trash, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.
    * poner + Posesivo + granito de arena = do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + bit.
    * poner precio a la cabeza de = declare + open season on.
    * poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.
    * poner punto final a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, close + the book on.
    * poner punto y final a = put + a stop to, sound + the death knell for.
    * poner reparos = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.
    * poner sal = salt.
    * ponerse = don, pull on, wax.
    * ponerse a = set about + Gerundio, get (a)round to, settle down to, get down to + Nombre.
    * ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.
    * ponerse a cubierto = run for + cover.
    * ponerse a dieta = go on + a diet.
    * ponerse a hacer = set out to + do.
    * ponerse a hacer Algo en serio = buckle down to.
    * ponerse al corriente = come up to + speed.
    * ponerse al corriente de = catch up with, catch up on.
    * ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.
    * ponerse al día de = get up to + speed on.
    * ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.
    * ponerse al día en = catch up with, catch up on.
    * ponerse Algo = slip + Nombre + on.
    * ponerse al rojo vivo = reach + boiling point, fire up.
    * ponerse al tanto = get + up to speed, wise up.
    * ponerse al tanto de = get up to + speed on.
    * ponerse a malas con = run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.
    * ponerse amarillo de envidia = turn + green with envy.
    * ponerse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.
    * ponerse a trabajar en serio = get on with + Posesivo + work, buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.
    * ponerse a trabajar por cuenta propia = strike out on + Posesivo + own.
    * ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.
    * ponerse blanco = turn + white, whiten.
    * ponerse borroso = blur.
    * ponerse ciego = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).
    * ponerse + Color = go + Color.
    * ponerse colorado = get + red in the face, go + bright red.
    * ponerse colorado como un tomate = go + bright red.
    * ponerse como loco = go + crazy, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.
    * ponerse como una fiera = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + stack.
    * ponerse como unas castañuelas = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.
    * ponerse como un energúmeno = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + a fuse, wax + indignant, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, tear + Posesivo + hair out, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.
    * ponerse contentísimo = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.
    * ponerse de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).
    * ponerse del lado de = side with.
    * ponerse del lado de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * ponerse de lleno a = buckle down to.
    * ponerse de mil colores = go + bright red.
    * ponerse de moda = come into + vogue, come into + fashion.
    * ponerse de parte de = side with.
    * ponerse de parte de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * ponerse de pie = rise, stand up, get to + Posesivo + feet, rise to + Posesivo + feet.
    * ponerse de punta = stand out.
    * ponerse, el = donning, the.
    * ponerse el cinturón = buckle up.
    * ponerse en cola = queue up, line up.
    * ponerse en contacto = make + contact.
    * ponerse en contacto con = be in touch (with), interact (with), get in + touch with.
    * ponerse en contra de = turn against.
    * ponerse en cuclillas = squat (down), crouch (down).
    * ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.
    * ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.
    * ponerse enfermo = get + sick.
    * ponerse en fila = line up.
    * ponerse en forma = get + fit.
    * ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.
    * ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.
    * ponerse en marcha = set off, get off + the ground, swing into + action.
    * ponerse en medio = get in + the way (of).
    * ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.
    * ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.
    * ponerse en ridículo = make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.
    * ponerse en tensión = tense up.
    * ponerse firme = stand to + attention.
    * ponerse frenético = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, work up + a lather, tear + Posesivo + hair out, be furious.
    * ponerse fresco con = act + fresh with.
    * ponerse furioso = infuriate, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.
    * ponerse gallito = bluster.
    * ponerse hecho una fiera = go + ballistic, go + berserk, blow + Posesivo + top, go + postal, go + crazy, blow + a fuse, lose + Posesivo + temper, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.
    * ponerse hecho una furia = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.
    * ponerse hecho un basilisco = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.
    * ponerse hecho un energúmeno = go + ballistic, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.
    * ponerse histérico = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler.
    * ponerse la ropa rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.
    * ponerse las medallas = take + the credit (for).
    * ponerse las orejeras = put on + blinkers.
    * ponerse las pilas = buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.
    * ponerse las pilas, ponerse de lleno a, ponerse a trabajar en serio = buckle down to.
    * ponerse loco = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather.
    * ponerse manos a la obra = get down to + business, swing into + action.
    * ponerse marrón = turn + brown.
    * ponerse morado = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).
    * ponerse nervioso = get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, be in a tizz(y), get in(to) a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.
    * ponerse por las nubes = go + ballistic.
    * ponerse rígido = stiffen.
    * ponerse rojo = get + red in the face, go + bright red.
    * ponerse rojo como un tomate = go + bright red.
    * ponerse seriamente a = settle to.
    * ponerse tenso = tense up, stress + Nombre + out.
    * ponerse tibio = pig out (on).
    * ponerse una tarea = set + Reflexivo + task.
    * poner sobre aviso = alert to.
    * poner término a = put + paid to.
    * poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = give + Posesivo + best, do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.
    * poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.
    * poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * poner trabas = cramp.
    * poner una bomba = plant + bomb.
    * poner una demanda = face + legal action.
    * poner una denuncia = file + police report.
    * poner una marca de comprobación = check-mark.
    * poner una nota en un sitio público = post.
    * poner una reclamación = appeal.
    * poner una señal = put up + a sign, put up + a notice.
    * poner una señal de aviso = post + a warning, post + a warning sign.
    * poner una tienda = pitch + tent.
    * poner un círculo alrededor = circle.
    * poner un ejemplo = take + an example, draw + example.
    * poner un letrero = put up + a sign, post + a notice, put up + a notice.
    * poner un pie = set + foot (inside/in/on).
    * poner un poquito de picante = pep up.
    * poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.
    * poner verde = mouth off, get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue, trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, slate, rubbish.
    * poner vertical = stand + upright, upend.
    * poner y quitar = get on and off.
    * pongamos el caso de que = for the sake of + argument.
    * pongamos, por ejemplo,... = let us say, take, for example,..., take, for instance,....
    * por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.
    * por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.
    * precio + ponerse por las nubes = price + go through the roof, price + spiral out of control, price + soar through the roof.
    * precios + ponerse por las nubes = prices + spiral.
    * que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.
    * que pone obstáculos = obstructive.
    * quita o pon = give or take.
    * sin poner en duda la veracidad de Algo temporalmente = suspension of disbelief.
    * sin poner en escena = unproduced.
    * sin ponerlo en duda = uncritically.
    * sin ponerse en duda = unquestioned.
    * sólo con la ropa interior puesta = in + Posesivo + underclothes.
    * sol + ponerse (por) = sun + set (on).
    * volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.
    * ya lo quitas, ya lo pones = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( colocar) to put

    lo pusieron en el curso avanzado — he was put o placed in the advanced class

    b) <anuncio/aviso> to place, put
    2) ( agregar) to put

    ¿cuándo se le pone el agua? — when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?

    ¿le pones azúcar al café? — do you take sugar in your coffee?

    3) <ropa/calzado> (+ me/te/le etc)

    ¿me pones los zapatos? — can you put my shoes on (for me)?

    4) <inyección/supositorio> to give
    5)

    poner la mesa — to lay o set the table

    6)
    a) (instalar, montar) <oficina/restaurante> to open
    b) <cocina/teléfono/calefacción> to install
    c) cerradura/armario to fit
    7) ave < huevo> to lay
    8) (Esp) (servir, dar)

    ¿qué le pongo? — what can I get you?

    póngame un café, por favor — I'll have a coffee, please

    ¿cuántos le pongo? — how many would you like?

    9)
    b) ( proporcionar) autobús/tren to lay on
    10) < atención> to pay; <cuidado/interés> to take
    11)
    a) ( imponer) < deberes> to give, set; <examen/problema> to set
    b) ( oponer)

    no puso inconveniente — he didn't have o raise any objections

    a todo le pone peros or pegas — she finds fault with everything

    c) ( adjudicar) < nota> to give

    ¿qué nota te puso? — what mark did he give you?

    12) ( dar) <nombre/apodo> to give; < ejemplo> to give

    ¿qué título le pusiste? — what title did you give it?

    le pusieron el apodo de `el cojo' — they nicknamed him `el cojo'

    13) ( enviar) < telegrama> to send
    14) ( escribir) to put
    15) (esp Esp) ( expresar por escrito) to say
    16) (Esp) (exhibir, dar) <obra/película>

    ¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? — is there anything interesting on TV?

    ¿qué ponen en el Royal? — what's on o what's showing at the Royal?

    17) (RPl) ( tardar) to take
    18) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)
    19) ( adoptar) cara/voz
    20)

    poner a alguien a + inf: puso a las hijas a trabajar he sent his daughters out to work; lo puse a hacer los deberes — I made him do his homework

    b)

    poner a alguien de algo: la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of department; lo pusieron de ángel he was given the part of an angel; siempre te pone de ejemplo — he always holds you up as an example

    21) ( suponer)

    pon que perdemos ese tren... — say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train...

    pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados — suppose o let's just say they're wrong

    ponerle — (esp AmL)

    ¿cuánto se tarda? - ponle dos horas — how long does it take? - about two hours o reckon on two hours

    22)
    a) (conectar, encender) <televisión/calefacción> to turn on, switch on, put on; <programa/canal> to put on; < disco> to put on

    puso el motor en marcha — she switched on o started the engine

    b) (ajustar, graduar)
    23) (Esp) ( al teléfono)

    poner a alguien con algo/alguien — to put somebody through to something/somebody

    ¿me pone con la extensión 24? — could you put me through to extension 24, please?

    2.
    vi gallina to lay
    3.
    1) ponerse v pron
    2)
    a) (refl) ( colocarse)

    pongámonos a la sombra — let's sit (o lie etc) in the shade

    ponerse de rodillas — to kneel (down), get down on one's knees

    ponte ahí, junto al árbol — stand over there, by the tree

    se me/le puso que... — (AmS fam) I/he had a feeling that... (colloq)

    se le pone cada cosa... — he gets the strangest ideas into his head

    b) (Esp) ( llegar)
    3) sol to set
    4) (refl) <calzado/maquillaje/alhaja> to put on

    me puse el collar de perlas — I wore o put on my pearl necklace

    5) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)

    cómo te has puesto de barro! — look at you, you're covered in mud!

    6)
    a) ( empezar)

    ponerse a + inf — to start -ing, to start + inf

    se puso a llover — it started raining o started to rain

    b) (CS arg) ( contribuir dinero)

    cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse — when the bill comes, everyone has to cough up (colloq)

    yo me pongo con cien — I'll put in o chip in a hundred

    7) (Esp) ( al teléfono)

    ¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone — Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for you

    * * *
    = affix, fit, put, set, lay, set up, lay out on, lay down, deposit, play, lay out, plant, bung + Nombe + in, get on.

    Ex: Some libraries use small stickers affixed to the spines which have cartoons or ideograms indicating a special genre.

    Ex: One such method requires that each book has a magnetic strip inserted into the spine and a special exit door is fitted across which an electric signal is beamed.
    Ex: If you encounter an unlabeled document during charge-out, peel off one of the preprinted labels and put it in the document.
    Ex: If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.
    Ex: By such mutual assistance, the wits and endeavours of the world may no longer be as so many scattered coals, or firebrands, which, for want of union are soon quenched, whereas, being but laid together, they would have yielded a comfortable light and heat.
    Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.
    Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.
    Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.
    Ex: The run-off paper must be thick and absorbent to cope with the thick layer of ink deposited on it by the duplicator.
    Ex: In another style of lesson, the book is approached through film clips, dramatizations on TV, or played on records or tapes made commercially.
    Ex: There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'To everything there is a season...a time to plant and a time to pluck up that which is planted: a life-cycle analysis of education for librarianship'.
    Ex: Instead of bunging it in the washing machine, clean it carefully by hand using lukewarm water.
    Ex: The full-length, two-direction zipper makes it easy to get on and off, and the bottom is easy to unzip for diaper changes.
    * con la mirada puesta en = in + Posesivo + sights.
    * cosas + ponerse feas = things + get rough.
    * costes + ponerse por las nubes = costs + spiral.
    * de quita y pon = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up, removable.
    * encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].
    * no poner en duda = be unquestioned.
    * poner a Alguien al cargo de = put + Nombre + in charge of.
    * poner a Alguien al frente de = put + Nombre + in charge of.
    * poner a Alguien al mando de = put + Nombre + in charge of.
    * poner a Alguien al tanto de = fill + Alguien + in on.
    * poner a Alguien contra las cuerdas = put + Nombre + on the spot.
    * poner a Alguien en contacto con = put + Nombre + in touch with.
    * poner a Alguien en el compromiso de = leave + Nombre + with the choice of.
    * poner a Alguien en guardia = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.
    * poner a Alguien en su sitio = cut + Nombre + down to size, knock + Nombre + off + Posesivo + pedestal, cut + Nombre + down to size.
    * poner a Alguien en un aprieto = put + Nombre + on the spot.
    * poner a Alguien en un apuro = put + Alguien + on the spot, put + Nombre + on the spot.
    * poner a Alguien en un compromiso = put + Alguien + on the spot.
    * poner a Alguien en un pedestal = put + Nombre + on a pedestal.
    * poner a cargo de = put in + charge of.
    * poner a disposición = keep within + reach.
    * poner a disposición de = make + available to, put at + the disposal of, place + at the disposal of, bring within + reach.
    * poner a la altura de las circunstancias = bring + Nombre + up to par.
    * poner a la defensiva = put on + the defensive.
    * poner al alcance = bring within + reach.
    * poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.
    * poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.
    * poner Algo a disposición = put + Nombre + within reach.
    * poner Algo al alcance = put + Nombre + within reach.
    * poner Algo al descubierto = bring + Nombre + to the surface.
    * poner Algo a mano = put + Nombre + within reach.
    * poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.
    * poner Algo en = stick + Nombre + on.
    * poner Algo en Internet = put (out) + Nombre + on the web.
    * poner Algo patas arriba = turn + Nombre + inside-out.
    * poner Algo por delante de = put + Nombre + ahead of.
    * poner Alguien al descubierto = blow + Posesivo + cover.
    * poner + Alguien + frenético = make + Alguien + furious.
    * poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.
    * poner al revés = upend.
    * poner al tanto (de) = bring into + the swim of, bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.
    * poner al tanto sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.
    * poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.
    * poner a + Número = set to + Número.
    * poner aparte = set + apart.
    * poner a + Posesivo + disposición = put at + Posesivo + fingertips.
    * poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, plumb + the depths of, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.
    * poner a prueba la paciencia de Alguien = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience.
    * poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = try + the patience of a saint.
    * poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.
    * poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.
    * poner a punto = overhaul, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.
    * poner atención = lend + an ear, listen (to).
    * poner a un lado = lay + Nombre + aside, set + aside.
    * poner bonito = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.
    * poner carnada = bait.
    * poner cebo = bait.
    * poner como ejemplo = instance, cite + as an example, showcase.
    * poner con chinchetas = thumbtack.
    * poner delante de = lay before.
    * poner de manifiesto = bring into + relief, highlight, show, state, throw into + relief, throw up, evince, illustrate, underscore, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], bring to + light, make + it + clear, lay + bare, provide + insight into, reveal, flag + Nombre + up.
    * poner de manifiesto las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.
    * poner demasiado énfasis en Algo = overemphasise [over-emphasise] [overemphasize, -USA].
    * poner de patitas en la calle = give + Nombre + the boot, sack, boot (out), give + Nombre + the sack, turf out.
    * poner de pie = stand + upright.
    * poner de pie apoyado sobre un costado = stand on + Posesivo + side.
    * poner de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + bit.
    * poner de relieve = bring into + relief, throw into + relief, underscore, highlight, show, state, throw up, evince, illustrate, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], flag + Nombre + up, reveal.
    * poner de relieve la importancia = underscore + importance.
    * poner doble acristalamiento = double glaze.
    * poner el candado = padlock.
    * poner el centro de atención = put + focus.
    * poner el colofón final = bookend.
    * poner el culo = take + Nombre + lying down.
    * poner el dedo en la llaga = hit + a (raw) nerve, touch on + raw nerve, hit + the nail on the head, strike + home, strike + a nerve, touch on + a sore spot, touch + a (raw) nerve.
    * poner el despertador = set + the alarm clock.
    * poner el énfasis = put + focus.
    * poner el grito en el cielo = be (all) up in arms, kick up + a stink, kick up + a fuss, blow + Posesivo + top, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack, scream + blue murder, froth at + the mouth, shout + blue murder.
    * poner el matasellos a una carta = postmark.
    * poner el precio = price.
    * poner el sello = stamp.
    * poner el sello a = place + a stamp on.
    * poner el sello de = rubber stamp.
    * poner empeño = strive.
    * poner en adobo = marinade.
    * poner en alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.
    * poner en alquiler = rent out.
    * poner en apuros = cast + a shadow over, put + Nombre + in difficulties.
    * poner encima = top with.
    * poner en circulación = circulate.
    * poner en claro = clear up.
    * poner en cola = queue.
    * poner en cola de espera = place + in queue.
    * poner en contacto = bring into + relationship, contact, provide + an interface, bring into + contact.
    * poner en contenedor = containerise [containerize, -USA].
    * poner en cuarentena = quarantine.
    * poner en cuestión = call into + question, render + questionable.
    * poner en cuestión la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.
    * poner en dificultades = put + Nombre + in difficulties.
    * poner en duda = challenge, be flawed, question, render + suspect, unsettle, cast + doubt on, regard + with suspicion, put in + doubt, call into + question, shed + doubt, throw into + doubt, throw + doubt on.
    * poner en duda la validez de = bring into + question the validity of.
    * poner en duda unos principios = shake + foundations.
    * poner en el haber de = credit.
    * poner en entredicho = challenge, cast + doubt on, subvert, compromise, cast + aspersions on, challenge + Posesivo + assumptions, doubt, question, call into + question, impugn.
    * poner en entredicho una postura = compromise + position.
    * poner en escena = stage.
    * poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.
    * poner en evidencia = make + it + clear, underline, bring to + light, put + Nombre + to shame, call + Posesivo + bluff, bring to + the fore.
    * poner énfasis = put + emphasis.
    * poner énfasis en = lay + stress on, place + emphasis on, lay + emphasis on.
    * poner en forma = buff up.
    * poner en funcionamiento = activate, set in + action, set up, trip, put into + working order, put in + place, put in + place, put into + place, set in + motion.
    * poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).
    * poner en garantía = pawn.
    * poner en hielo = ice.
    * poner en juego = tap.
    * poner en la calle = evict.
    * poner en la pared = pin up.
    * poner en la red + Documento Impreso = webify + Documento Impreso.
    * poner en libertad = release from + jail.
    * poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.
    * poner en libertad condicional = release on + bail.
    * poner en libertad condicional, poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.
    * poner en lista de espera = put + on a waiting list.
    * poner en marcha = implement, set up, trip, set out on, crank up.
    * poner en marcha un proyecto = mobilise + effort.
    * poner en órbita = place into + orbit.
    * poner en orden = tidy up, put in + order, clear up.
    * poner en peligro = jeopardise [jeopardize, -USA], put into + jeopardy, imperil, put at + risk, compromise, endanger, pose + risk.
    * poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.
    * poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.
    * poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.
    * poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.
    * poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.
    * poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.
    * poner en préstamo = circulate.
    * poner en primer plano = foreground.
    * poner en relación = bring into + relationship.
    * poner en remojo = steep.
    * poner en ridículo = poke + fun at.
    * poner en riesgo = put at + risk.
    * poner en su sitio = put in + place.
    * poner en tela de juicio = throw + doubt on, contest.
    * poner en tensión = put + Nombre + under pressure.
    * poner entre comillas = enclose + in quotation marks.
    * poner entre corchetes = bracket.
    * poner entre la espada y la pared = press to + the point.
    * poner entre paréntesis = bracket.
    * poner entre rejas = put + Nombre + behind bars.
    * poner en uso = bring into + use, take in + use.
    * poner en venta = put on + sale.
    * poner esfuerzo = give + effort.
    * poner fin = curb, bring to + a close, draw to + a close.
    * poner fin a = put + paid to, put + an end to, put + a stop to, call + a halt on, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, sound + the death knell for, kill off.
    * poner fin a un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.
    * poner freno = curb.
    * poner freno a = place + a curb on, clamp down on.
    * poner fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.
    * poner guiones = hyphenate.
    * poner huevos = lay + eggs, oviposit.
    * poner impuestos = impose + VAT.
    * poner la brida = bridle.
    * poner la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.
    * poner la casa patas arriba = turn + the house upside down.
    * poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.
    * poner ladrillos = laying of bricks, lay + bricks.
    * poner la fecha = date-stamp.
    * poner la mesa = lay + the table.
    * poner la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.
    * poner la responsabilidad en = put + the burden on.
    * poner las antenas = prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.
    * poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.
    * poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * poner las cartas sobre la mesa = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.
    * poner las cosas en marcha = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.
    * poner las cosas en movimiento = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.
    * poner las cosas en su lugar = set + the record straight.
    * poner las esposas = handcuff.
    * poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.
    * ponerle el cascabel al gato = stick + Posesivo + neck out (for), stick out + Posesivo + neck.
    * ponerle la guinda = put + icing on the cake.
    * ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.
    * ponerle los cuernos a = cuckold.
    * ponerlo de otra manera = put it + in a different way.
    * poner lo pelos de punta = frighten + the living daylights out of.
    * poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.
    * poner los pelos de punta = bristle, scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, make + Posesivo + hair stand on end, scare + the hell out of.
    * poner los pies en alto = put + Posesivo + feet up.
    * poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.
    * poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.
    * poner más fuerte = crank up.
    * poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho empeño en = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.
    * poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.
    * poner negro = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend.
    * poner nervioso = rattle.
    * poner nervioso a Alguien = give + Nombre + the screaming abdabs.
    * poner + Nombre + a dieta = put + Nombre + on a diet.
    * poner + Nombre + a + Nombre = place + Nombre + against + Nombre.
    * poner objeciones = object.
    * poner objeciones a = object to.
    * poner obstáculos = cramp.
    * poner orden = bring + order, tidying (up), create + order, clear out, clear up.
    * poner orden en el caos = create + order out of chaos, create + order out of chaos.
    * poner papel en la impresora = load + printer.
    * poner parches = patch up, patch.
    * poner patas arriba = upend.
    * poner pegas = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.
    * poner peros = baulk [balk, -USA], cavil (about/at), quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.
    * poner por las nubes = praise + highly, wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous, praise + Nombre + to the skies, sing + Posesivo + praises.
    * poner por los suelos = slate, slag + Nombre + off, mouth off, say + nasty things about, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, trash, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.
    * poner + Posesivo + granito de arena = do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + bit.
    * poner precio a la cabeza de = declare + open season on.
    * poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.
    * poner punto final a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, close + the book on.
    * poner punto y final a = put + a stop to, sound + the death knell for.
    * poner reparos = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.
    * poner sal = salt.
    * ponerse = don, pull on, wax.
    * ponerse a = set about + Gerundio, get (a)round to, settle down to, get down to + Nombre.
    * ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.
    * ponerse a cubierto = run for + cover.
    * ponerse a dieta = go on + a diet.
    * ponerse a hacer = set out to + do.
    * ponerse a hacer Algo en serio = buckle down to.
    * ponerse al corriente = come up to + speed.
    * ponerse al corriente de = catch up with, catch up on.
    * ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.
    * ponerse al día de = get up to + speed on.
    * ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.
    * ponerse al día en = catch up with, catch up on.
    * ponerse Algo = slip + Nombre + on.
    * ponerse al rojo vivo = reach + boiling point, fire up.
    * ponerse al tanto = get + up to speed, wise up.
    * ponerse al tanto de = get up to + speed on.
    * ponerse a malas con = run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.
    * ponerse amarillo de envidia = turn + green with envy.
    * ponerse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.
    * ponerse a trabajar en serio = get on with + Posesivo + work, buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.
    * ponerse a trabajar por cuenta propia = strike out on + Posesivo + own.
    * ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.
    * ponerse blanco = turn + white, whiten.
    * ponerse borroso = blur.
    * ponerse ciego = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).
    * ponerse + Color = go + Color.
    * ponerse colorado = get + red in the face, go + bright red.
    * ponerse colorado como un tomate = go + bright red.
    * ponerse como loco = go + crazy, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.
    * ponerse como una fiera = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + stack.
    * ponerse como unas castañuelas = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.
    * ponerse como un energúmeno = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + a fuse, wax + indignant, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, tear + Posesivo + hair out, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.
    * ponerse contentísimo = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.
    * ponerse de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).
    * ponerse del lado de = side with.
    * ponerse del lado de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * ponerse de lleno a = buckle down to.
    * ponerse de mil colores = go + bright red.
    * ponerse de moda = come into + vogue, come into + fashion.
    * ponerse de parte de = side with.
    * ponerse de parte de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * ponerse de pie = rise, stand up, get to + Posesivo + feet, rise to + Posesivo + feet.
    * ponerse de punta = stand out.
    * ponerse, el = donning, the.
    * ponerse el cinturón = buckle up.
    * ponerse en cola = queue up, line up.
    * ponerse en contacto = make + contact.
    * ponerse en contacto con = be in touch (with), interact (with), get in + touch with.
    * ponerse en contra de = turn against.
    * ponerse en cuclillas = squat (down), crouch (down).
    * ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.
    * ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.
    * ponerse enfermo = get + sick.
    * ponerse en fila = line up.
    * ponerse en forma = get + fit.
    * ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.
    * ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.
    * ponerse en marcha = set off, get off + the ground, swing into + action.
    * ponerse en medio = get in + the way (of).
    * ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.
    * ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.
    * ponerse en ridículo = make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.
    * ponerse en tensión = tense up.
    * ponerse firme = stand to + attention.
    * ponerse frenético = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, work up + a lather, tear + Posesivo + hair out, be furious.
    * ponerse fresco con = act + fresh with.
    * ponerse furioso = infuriate, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.
    * ponerse gallito = bluster.
    * ponerse hecho una fiera = go + ballistic, go + berserk, blow + Posesivo + top, go + postal, go + crazy, blow + a fuse, lose + Posesivo + temper, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.
    * ponerse hecho una furia = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.
    * ponerse hecho un basilisco = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.
    * ponerse hecho un energúmeno = go + ballistic, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.
    * ponerse histérico = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler.
    * ponerse la ropa rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.
    * ponerse las medallas = take + the credit (for).
    * ponerse las orejeras = put on + blinkers.
    * ponerse las pilas = buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.
    * ponerse las pilas, ponerse de lleno a, ponerse a trabajar en serio = buckle down to.
    * ponerse loco = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather.
    * ponerse manos a la obra = get down to + business, swing into + action.
    * ponerse marrón = turn + brown.
    * ponerse morado = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).
    * ponerse nervioso = get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, be in a tizz(y), get in(to) a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.
    * ponerse por las nubes = go + ballistic.
    * ponerse rígido = stiffen.
    * ponerse rojo = get + red in the face, go + bright red.
    * ponerse rojo como un tomate = go + bright red.
    * ponerse seriamente a = settle to.
    * ponerse tenso = tense up, stress + Nombre + out.
    * ponerse tibio = pig out (on).
    * ponerse una tarea = set + Reflexivo + task.
    * poner sobre aviso = alert to.
    * poner término a = put + paid to.
    * poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = give + Posesivo + best, do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.
    * poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.
    * poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * poner trabas = cramp.
    * poner una bomba = plant + bomb.
    * poner una demanda = face + legal action.
    * poner una denuncia = file + police report.
    * poner una marca de comprobación = check-mark.
    * poner una nota en un sitio público = post.
    * poner una reclamación = appeal.
    * poner una señal = put up + a sign, put up + a notice.
    * poner una señal de aviso = post + a warning, post + a warning sign.
    * poner una tienda = pitch + tent.
    * poner un círculo alrededor = circle.
    * poner un ejemplo = take + an example, draw + example.
    * poner un letrero = put up + a sign, post + a notice, put up + a notice.
    * poner un pie = set + foot (inside/in/on).
    * poner un poquito de picante = pep up.
    * poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.
    * poner verde = mouth off, get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue, trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, slate, rubbish.
    * poner vertical = stand + upright, upend.
    * poner y quitar = get on and off.
    * pongamos el caso de que = for the sake of + argument.
    * pongamos, por ejemplo,... = let us say, take, for example,..., take, for instance,....
    * por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.
    * por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.
    * precio + ponerse por las nubes = price + go through the roof, price + spiral out of control, price + soar through the roof.
    * precios + ponerse por las nubes = prices + spiral.
    * que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.
    * que pone obstáculos = obstructive.
    * quita o pon = give or take.
    * sin poner en duda la veracidad de Algo temporalmente = suspension of disbelief.
    * sin poner en escena = unproduced.
    * sin ponerlo en duda = uncritically.
    * sin ponerse en duda = unquestioned.
    * sólo con la ropa interior puesta = in + Posesivo + underclothes.
    * sol + ponerse (por) = sun + set (on).
    * volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.
    * ya lo quitas, ya lo pones = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up.

    * * *
    poner [ E22 ]
    ■ poner (verbo transitivo)
    A
    1 colocar
    2 poner: anuncio, aviso
    B agregar
    C ropa, calzado etc
    D ‹inyección/supositorio›
    E poner la mesa
    F
    1 instalar, montar
    2 poner: cocina, teléfono etc
    3 poner: cerradura etc
    G poner: huevos
    H servir, dar
    A
    1 contribuir
    2 proporcionar
    B poner: atención, cuidado
    C
    1 imponer
    2 oponer
    3 adjudicar
    D poner: nombre
    E enviar
    F escribir
    G
    1 expresar por escrito
    2 impersonal
    H exhibir, dar
    I tardar
    A en un estado, una situación
    B poner: cara, voz, etc
    C
    1 hacer empezar
    2 poner a alguien de algo
    D suponer
    A
    1 conectar, encender
    2 ajustar, graduar
    B poner al teléfono
    ■ poner (verbo intransitivo)
    A
    1 apostar
    2 contribuir dinero
    B poner: gallinas
    C México: vulg
    ■ ponerse (verbo pronominal)
    A
    1 colocarse
    2 llegar
    B ponerse: el sol
    C ponerse: calzado etc
    A en un estado, una situación
    B
    1 empezar
    2 esforzarse, esmerarse
    3 contribuir dinero
    Sentido III ponerse al teléfono
    vt
    A
    1 (colocar) to put
    ¿dónde habré puesto las llaves? where can I have put the keys?
    ¿dónde vas a poner este cuadro? where are you going to put o hang this picture?
    pon ese cuadro derecho put that picture straight, straighten that picture
    lo pusieron en el curso avanzado he was put o placed in the advanced class
    ponle la cadena a la puerta put the chain on the door
    pon agua a calentar put some water on to boil
    2 ‹anuncio/aviso› to place, put
    pusieron un anuncio en el periódico they put o placed an advertisement in the newspaper
    B (agregar) to put
    ¿cuándo se le pone el agua? when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?
    ¿le has puesto sal a la sopa? have you put any salt in the soup?
    ¿le pones azúcar al café? do you take sugar in your coffee?
    C ‹ropa/calzado› (+ me/te/le etc):
    ¿me pones los zapatos? can you put my shoes on (for me)?
    le puse el vestido rojo I dressed her in her red dress
    D ‹inyección/supositorio› to give
    el dentista le puso una inyección the dentist gave him an injection
    E
    poner la mesa to lay o set the table
    F
    1 (instalar, montar) ‹oficina/restaurante› to open
    puso un estudio junto con otra arquitecta she set up in business with another architect
    consiguió permiso para poner una autoescuela he got permission to open a driving school
    les ayudó a poner la casa he helped them set up house o home
    pusieron la casa/oficina a todo lujo they furnished the house/fitted the office out in style
    le puso un apartamento a su amante he set his mistress up in an apartment
    2 ‹cocina/teléfono/calefacción› to install
    van a poner cocinas de gas they are going to install o fit gas cookers
    3 ‹cerradura/armario› to fit
    G «ave» ‹huevos› to lay
    H
    ( Esp) (servir, dar): ¿qué le pongo? what can I get you?
    póngame un café, por favor I'll have a coffee, please
    ¿cuántos le pongo, señora? how many would you like, madam?
    A
    1 (contribuir):
    él pone el capital y yo el trabajo he puts up the capital and I supply the labor
    pusimos 500 pesos cada uno we put in 500 pesos each
    que cada uno ponga lo que pueda each person should give what he or she can afford
    2 (proporcionar) ‹autobús/tren› to lay on
    la empresa puso la comida y la bebida food and drink was laid on by the company
    B ‹atención› to pay; ‹cuidado› to take
    pon más atención en lo que estás haciendo pay more attention to what you're doing
    no ha puesto ningún cuidado en este trabajo she hasn't taken any care at all over this piece of work
    pone mucho entusiasmo en todo lo que hace he's very enthusiastic about everything he does, he puts a lot of enthusiasm into everything he does
    C
    1 (imponer) ‹deberes› to give, set; ‹examen› to set
    nos pusieron 20 preguntas we were given o set 20 questions
    2
    (oponer): no me puso ningún inconveniente he didn't have o raise any objections
    a todo le tiene que poner peros or pegas she finds fault with everything
    3 (adjudicar) ‹nota› to give
    ¿qué (nota) te puso en la redacción? what (mark) did he give you for your essay?
    le pusieron un cero he got nought out of ten
    D (dar) ‹nombre/apodo› to give
    ¡qué nombre más feo le pusieron! what a horrible name to give him!
    le pusieron Eva they called her Eva
    ¿qué título le vas a poner al poema? what title are you going to give the poem?, what are you going to call the poem?
    le pusieron el sobrenombre de `el cojo' they nicknamed him `el cojo'
    E (enviar) ‹telegrama› to send; ‹carta› to mail ( AmE), to post ( BrE)
    F (escribir) to put
    no has puesto ningún acento you haven't put any of the accents in
    no sé qué más ponerle I don't know what else to put o write
    puso mi nombre en la lista she put my name down on the list
    G ( esp Esp)
    el periódico no pone nada sobre el robo the newspaper doesn't say anything about the robbery
    mira a ver lo que pone en esa nota see what that note says
    allí pone que no se puede pasar it says there that you can't go in
    ¿qué pone aquí? what does it say here?, what does this say?
    H ( Esp) (exhibir, dar)
    ‹obra/película› ¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? is there anything interesting on TV?
    ¿qué ponen en el Trocadero? what's on o what's showing at the Trocadero?
    en el teatro ponen una obra de Casares there's a play by Casares on at the theater
    no pusieron ninguna película buena en Navidad there wasn't a single good film on over Christmas, they didn't show a single good film over Christmas
    I ( RPl) (tardar) to take
    el avión pone media hora de Montevideo a Buenos Aires the plane takes half an hour from Montevideo to Buenos Aires
    de allí a Salta pusimos tres horas it took us three hours from there to Salta
    A (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):
    me pones nerviosa you're making me nervous
    ya la has puesto de mal humor now you've put her in a bad mood
    ¿por qué me pusiste en evidencia así? why did you show me up like that?
    lo pusiste en un aprieto you put him in an awkward position
    nos puso al corriente de lo sucedido he brought us up to date with what had happened
    ¡mira cómo has puesto la alfombra! look at the mess you've made on the carpet!
    me estás poniendo las cosas muy difíciles you're making things very difficult for me
    B (adoptar) ‹cara/voz›
    no pongas esa cara there's no need to look like that
    puso cara de enfado he looked annoyed
    puso voz de asustado he sounded scared
    C
    1
    (hacer empezar): el médico me puso a régimen the doctor put me on a diet
    poner a algn A + INF:
    tuvo que poner a las hijas a trabajar he had to send his daughters out to work
    lo puso a estudiar guitarra con Rodríguez she sent him to have guitar lessons with Rodríguez
    lo puso a pelar cebollas she set him to work peeling onions
    2 poner a algn DE algo:
    la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of department
    lo pusieron de ángel he was given a part as an angel, he was given the part of an angel
    su padre lo puso de botones en la oficina his father gave him a job as an office boy
    siempre te pone de ejemplo he always holds you up as an example
    D
    (suponer): pon que perdemos ese tren, no podríamos volver say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train, then we wouldn't be able to get back
    pon que es cierto ¿qué harías entonces? say o suppose o supposing it is true, then what would you do?
    pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados suppose o let's just say they're wrong
    ponerle ( AmL): ¿cuánto se tarda? — ponle dos horas how long does it take? — about two hours o in the region of two hours o reckon on two hours
    ¿cuánto nos costará? — y … pónganle alrededor de $200 how much will it cost us? — well, … you'd better reckon on about $200
    A
    1 (conectar, encender) ‹televisión/calefacción› to turn o switch o put on; ‹programa/canal› to put on
    pon un disco put on a record
    puso el motor en marcha she switched on o started the engine
    todavía no nos han puesto la luz we haven't had our electricity connected yet
    2
    (ajustar, graduar): pon el despertador a las siete set the alarm (clock) for seven
    ¿puedes poner la música un poco más alta? can you turn the music up a bit?
    puso el reloj en hora she put the clock right, she set the clock to the right time
    poner el motor a punto to tune up the engine
    B
    ( Esp) (al teléfono): en seguida le pongo I'm just putting you through o connecting you
    poner a algn CON algn/algo to put sb THROUGH TO sb/sth
    ¿me puede poner con el director, por favor? could you put me through to o could I speak to the director, please?
    ¿me pone con la extensión 24? could you put me through to o can I have extension 24, please?
    ■ poner
    vi
    A
    1 ( Jueg) (apostar) to put in
    2 (contribuir dinero) to contribute
    ¿vas a poner para el regalo de Pilar? are you going to give something o contribute toward(s) Pilar's present?
    B «gallina» to lay
    C ( Méx vulg) (copular) to score (sl)
    A
    1 ( refl)
    (colocarse): pongámonos un rato a la sombra let's sit ( o lie etc) in the shade for a while
    ponerse de pie to stand up, stand
    ponerse de rodillas to kneel, kneel down, get down on one's knees
    ponte ahí, junto al árbol stand over there, by the tree
    ponérsele a algn algo ( AmL fam): se le puso que tenía que escalar la montaña he got it into his head that he had to climb the mountain
    a ese viejo se le pone cada cosa that old man gets the strangest ideas into his head
    2
    ( Esp) (llegar): en diez minutos nos ponemos allí we can be there in ten minutes
    B «sol» to set
    C ( refl) ‹calzado/maquillaje/alhaja› to put on
    ponte el abrigo put your coat on
    no tengo nada que ponerme I don't have a thing to wear
    mi hermano siempre se pone mi ropa my brother is always borrowing my clothes
    ponte un poco de sombra de ojos put on a little eyeshadow
    me puse el collar de perlas I wore o put on my pearl necklace
    A (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):
    me puse furiosa I got very angry
    cuando lo vio se puso muy contenta she was so happy when she saw it
    adelante, pónganse cómodos come in, make yourselves comfortable
    no te pongas así, que no es para tanto don't get so worked up, it's not that bad
    ¡mira cómo te has puesto de barro! just look at you, you're covered in mud!
    no te imaginas cómo se puso, hecha una fiera you wouldn't believe the way she reacted, she went absolutely wild
    la vida se está poniendo carísima everything's getting so expensive
    B
    1 (empezar) ponerse A + INF to start -ING
    se va a poner a llover de un momento a otro it's going to start raining o to start to rain any minute
    a ver si te pones a trabajar you'd better start working
    se puso a llorar sin motivo aparente she started crying o to cry for no apparent reason
    2 ( fam) (esforzarse, esmerarse) to try, make an effort
    si te pones lo acabas hoy mismo if you make an effort o if you try o if you put your mind to it, you'll finish it today
    3
    (CS arg) (contribuir dinero): cuando se casaron el viejo se puso con $5.000 when they got married, her old man shelled out $5,000 ( colloq)
    cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse when the check comes, everyone has to cough up ( colloq)
    yo me pongo con cien I'll put in o chip in a hundred ( colloq)
    ( Esp) (al teléfono): ¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for you
    dile a tu madre que se ponga tell your mother I want to speak to her, ask your mother to come to the phone
    * * *

     

    poner ( conjugate poner) verbo transitivo
    1


    ponle el collar al perro put the dog's collar on;
    poner una bomba to plant a bomb
    b) ‹anuncio/aviso› to place, put

    c) ‹ ropa› (+ me/te/le etc):


    2 ( agregar) to put
    3 ‹inyección/supositorio› to give
    4
    ◊ poner la mesa to lay o set the table

    5 (instalar, montar)
    a) ‹oficina/restaurante› to open

    b) ‹cocina/teléfono/calefacción› to install

    c) ‹cerradura/armario› to fit

    6 [ ave] ‹ huevo› to lay
    7 (Esp) (servir, dar):
    ◊ póngame un café, por favor I'll have a coffee, please;

    ¿cuántos le pongo? how many would you like?
    1 ‹ dinero› ( contribuir) to put in;

    2 ‹ atención› to pay;
    ‹cuidado/interés› to take;

    3
    a) ( imponer) ‹ deberes› to give, set;

    ‹examen/problema› to set;



    c) ( adjudicar) ‹ nota› to give

    4 ( dar) ‹nombre/apodo› to give;
    ‹ ejemplo› to give;

    5 ( enviar) ‹ telegrama› to send
    6 ( escribir) ‹dedicatoria/líneas› to write
    7 (Esp) (exhibir, dar) ‹ película› to show;
    ◊ ¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? is there anything interesting on TV?;

    ¿qué ponen en el Royal? what's on o what's showing at the Royal?
    1
    a) (conectar, encender) ‹televisión/calefacción› to turn on, switch on, put on;

    ‹programa/canal› to put on;
    ‹cinta/disco/música› to put on;
    ◊ puso el motor en marcha she switched on o started the engine

    b) (ajustar, graduar) ‹ despertador› to set;


    puso el reloj en hora she put the clock right
    2 (Esp) ( al teléfono): poner a algn con algo/algn to put sb through to sth/sb
    (en estado, situación) (+ compl):

    poner a algn en un aprieto to put sb in an awkward position
    vi [ ave] to lay
    ponerse verbo pronominal
    1 ( refl) ( colocarse):
    ◊ pongámonos ahí let's stand (o sit etc) there;

    ponerse de pie to stand (up);
    ponerse de rodillas to kneel (down), get down on one's knees
    2 [ sol] to set
    3 ( refl) ‹calzado/maquillaje/alhaja› to put on;

    1 (en estado, situación) (+ compl):

    se puso triste she became sad;
    cuando lo vio se puso muy contenta she was so happy when she saw it;
    se puso como loco he went mad;
    ponerse cómodo to make oneself comfortable
    2 ( empezar) ponerse a + inf to start -ing, to start + inf;

    (Esp):

    poner verbo transitivo
    1 (en un lugar, una situación) to put: me puso en un aprieto, he put me in a tight corner
    (seguido de adjetivo) to make: me pone contento, he makes me happy
    2 (hacer funcionar) to turn o switch on
    3 (un fax, telegrama) to send
    poner una conferencia, to make a long-distance call
    4 (una multa, un castigo) to impose
    5 (abrir un negocio) to set up
    6 (vestir) to put on
    7 (exponer) tienes que poner la planta al sol/a la sombra, you have to put the plant in the sun/shade
    8 (aportar) yo puse mil pesetas, I contributed a thousand pesetas
    9 (conjeturar, imaginar) to suppose: pongamos que..., supposing (that)...
    10 (estar escrito) lo pone aquí, it's written here
    no pone nada de eso, it doesn't say anything about that
    11 TV Cine to put on, show
    12 Tel ponme con él, put me through to him
    13 (un nombre) le pondremos Tadeo, we are going to call him Tadeo
    ya le puso título a la novela, he has already given the novel a title
    ♦ Locuciones: poner a alguien a caldo, to pull sb to pieces
    poner a cien, to make sb nervous: me pone a cien cuando habla de ese modo, when he talks that way I get nervous
    poner en duda, to call into question: los inversores pusieron su competencia en duda, the investors questioned his competence
    poner a alguien en evidencia, to show sb up
    poner en evidencia, to show up: la situación pone en evidencia la falta de justicia del sistema, the situation exposes the system's unfairness
    poner a alguien en su sitio, to put sb in his place
    ' poner' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    activar
    - alinear
    - alta
    - alto
    - altura
    - antecedente
    - antena
    - arreglar
    - arrinconar
    - aunar
    - bandeja
    - brete
    - cabeza
    - calzar
    - caldo
    - calle
    - cara
    - cargar
    - carta
    - caso
    - cien
    - codificar
    - comprometer
    - confiar
    - coto
    - crecer
    - cuenco
    - cuestión
    - dejar
    - denuncia
    - depositar
    - descomponer
    - descubierta
    - descubierto
    - desesperar
    - diente
    - dirigir
    - discutir
    - distribuir
    - enchufar
    - enderezar
    - enervar
    - enfermar
    - enfrentar
    - enmascarar
    - entregar
    - entregarse
    - escenificar
    - escobilla
    - esmerarse
    English:
    acquaint
    - action
    - apply
    - arm
    - arrange
    - aside
    - best
    - blur
    - bond
    - box
    - bracket
    - bundle
    - bung
    - cap
    - cast
    - cheek
    - claim
    - code
    - collect
    - compromise
    - connect
    - cork
    - crack
    - cross
    - crown
    - curb
    - date
    - dip
    - discomfit
    - dishwasher
    - egg
    - end
    - endanger
    - excite
    - face
    - fault
    - feature
    - fetter
    - fill in
    - fit
    - fluster
    - follow up
    - forewarn
    - free
    - gather
    - get
    - glaze
    - go
    - gown
    - grin
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [situar, agregar, meter] to put;
    me pusieron en la última fila I was put in the back row;
    ponle un poco más de sal put some more salt in it, add a bit of salt to it;
    pon los juguetes en el armario put the toys (away) in the cupboard;
    ¿dónde habré puesto la calculadora? where can I have put o left the calculator?;
    poner un anuncio en el periódico to put an advert in the paper;
    poner un póster en la pared to put a poster up on the wall;
    poner una inyección a alguien to give sb an injection;
    hubo que ponerle un bozal al perro we had to put a muzzle on the dog, we had to muzzle the dog
    2. [ropa, zapatos, maquillaje]
    poner algo a alguien to put sth on sb;
    ponle este pañal al bebé put this Br nappy o US diaper on the baby
    3. [servir]
    ¿qué le pongo? what can I get you?, what would you like?;
    póngame una cerveza, por favor I'd like o I'll have a beer, please;
    ¿cuánto le pongo? how much would you like?;
    póngame un kilo give me a kilo
    4. [contribuir, aportar] to put in;
    poner dinero en el negocio to put money into the business;
    poner algo de mi/tu/ etc[m5]. parte to do my/your/ etc bit;
    poner mucho empeño en (hacer) algo to put a lot of effort into (doing) sth;
    pon atención en lo que digo pay attention to what I'm saying;
    hay que poner más cuidado con o [m5] en la ortografía you have to take more care over your spelling
    5. [hacer estar de cierta manera]
    poner a alguien en un aprieto/de mal humor to put sb in a difficult position/in a bad mood;
    le has puesto colorado/nervioso you've made him blush/feel nervous;
    ponérselo fácil/difícil a alguien to make things easy/difficult for sb;
    lo puso todo perdido she made a real mess;
    el profesor nos puso a hacer cuentas the teacher gave us some sums to do;
    llegó y nos puso a todos a trabajar she arrived and set us all to work;
    pon la sopa a calentar warm the soup up;
    me pusieron de aprendiz de camarero they had me work as a trainee waiter;
    poner cara de tonto/inocente to put on a stupid/an innocent face
    6. [calificar]
    poner a alguien de algo to call sb sth;
    me pusieron de mentiroso they called me a liar;
    poner bien algo/a alguien to praise sth/sb;
    poner mal algo/a alguien to criticize sth/sb
    7. [oponer]
    poner obstáculos a algo to hinder sth;
    poner pegas a algo to raise objections to sth
    8. [asignar] [precio] to fix, to settle on;
    [multa] to give; [deberes, examen, tarea] to give, to set;
    le pusieron (de nombre) Mario they called him Mario;
    me han puesto (en el turno) de noche I've been assigned to the night shift, they've put me on the night shift;
    le pusieron un cinco en el examen he got five out of ten in the exam
    9. [comunicar] [telegrama, fax, giro postal] to send;
    [conferencia] to make; Esp
    ¿me pones con él? can you put me through to him?;
    Esp
    no cuelgue, ahora le pongo don't hang up, I'll put you through in a second
    10. [conectar, hacer funcionar] [televisión, radio] to switch o put on;
    [despertador] to set; [instalación, gas] to put in; [música, cinta, disco] to put on;
    pon la lavadora put the washing machine on;
    pon el telediario put the news on;
    puse el despertador a las seis/el reloj en hora I set my alarm clock for six o'clock/my watch to the right time;
    ¿te han puesto ya el teléfono? are you on the phone yet?, have they connected your phone yet?;
    ponlo más alto, que no se oye turn it up, I can't hear it
    11. [en el cine, el teatro, la televisión] to show;
    anoche pusieron un documental muy interesante last night they showed a very interesting documentary;
    ¿qué ponen en la tele/en el Rialto? what's on the TV/on at the Rialto?;
    en el Rialto ponen una de Stallone there's a Stallone movie on at the Rialto
    12. [montar] to set up;
    poner la casa to set up home;
    poner un negocio to start a business;
    ha puesto una tienda she has opened a shop;
    han puesto una cocina nueva they've had a new Br cooker o US stove put in;
    hemos puesto moqueta en el salón we've had a carpet fitted in the living-room;
    poner la mesa to lay the table;
    pusieron la tienda (de campaña) en un prado they pitched their tent o put their tent up in a meadow
    13. [decorar] to do up;
    han puesto su casa con mucho lujo they've done up their house in real style
    14. [suponer] to suppose;
    pongamos que sucedió así (let's) suppose that's what happened;
    pon que necesitemos cinco días suppose we need five days;
    poniendo que todo salga bien assuming everything goes according to plan;
    ¿cuándo estará listo? – ponle que en dos días when will it be ready? – reckon on it taking two days
    15. Esp [decir] to say;
    ¿qué pone ahí? what does it say there?
    16. [escribir] to put;
    ¿qué pusiste en la segunda pregunta? what did you put for the second question?
    17. [huevo] to lay
    18. RP [demorar] to take;
    el tren pone media hora en llegar allá the train takes half an hour to get there
    19. Fam [excitar]
    esa actriz me pone that actress totally does it for me
    ♦ vi
    [gallina, aves] to lay (eggs)
    ♦ v impersonal
    Am Fam [parecer]
    se me pone que… it seems to me that…
    * * *
    <part puesto> v/t
    1 put;
    poner en marcha set in motion;
    pongamos que let’s suppose o assume that
    2 ropa put on
    3 ( añadir) put in
    4 RAD, TV turn on, switch on
    5 la mesa set
    6 ( escribir) put down
    7 en periódico, libro etc say;
    la crítica puso muy bien su última película the critics gave his last film very good reviews
    8 negocio set up
    9 telegrama send
    10 huevos lay
    11 AUTO marcha put the car in, move into
    12 dinero deposit
    13
    :
    poner a alguien furioso make s.o. angry;
    ponerle a alguien con alguien TELEC put s.o. through to s.o.;
    * * *
    poner {60} vt
    1) colocar: to put, to place
    pon el libro en la mesa: put the book on the table
    2) agregar, añadir: to put in, to add
    3) : to put on (clothes)
    4) contribuir: to contribute
    5) escribir: to put in writing
    no le puso su nombre: he didn't put his name on it
    6) imponer: to set, to impose
    7) exponer: to put, to expose
    lo puso en peligro: she put him in danger
    8) : to prepare, to arrange
    poner la mesa: to set the table
    9) : to name
    le pusimos Ana: we called her Ana
    10) establecer: to set up, to establish
    puso un restaurante: he opened up a restaurant
    11) instalar: to install, to put in
    siempre lo pones de mal humor: you always put him in a bad mood
    13) : to turn on, to switch on
    14) suponer: to suppose
    pongamos que no viene: supposing he doesn't come
    15) : to lay (eggs)
    poner a : to start (someone doing something)
    lo puse a trabajar: I put him to work
    poner de : to place as
    la pusieron de directora: they made her director
    poner en : to put in (a state or condition)
    poner en duda: to call into question
    poner vi
    1) : to contribute
    2) : to lay eggs
    * * *
    poner vb
    1. (colocar) to put [pt. & pp. put]
    2. (ropa, etc) to put on
    3. (añadir) to put
    ¿le has puesto sal a las patatas? have you put any salt on the potatoes?
    ¿te pones azúcar? do you take sugar?
    4. (escribir) to write [pt. wrote; pp. written] / to put
    5. (programar) to set [pt. & pp. set]
    6. (encender) to put on / to turn on / to switch on
    7. (establecer) to open
    8. (enviar) to send [pt. & pp. sent]
    9. (comunicar) to put through
    ¿me pones con Asunción, por favor? can you put me through to Asunción, please?
    10. (decir) to say [pt. & pp. said]
    11. (proyectar) to be on
    ¿qué ponen en el Renoir? what's on at the Renoir?
    12. (dar un nombre) to call
    13. (imponer) to give [pt. gave; pp. given]
    14. (servir) to give
    ¿qué te pongo? what can I get you?
    ¿me pone un kilo de tomates? can I have a kilo of tomatoes, please?
    15. (aportar) to supply [pt. & pp. supplied] / to put in
    16. (suponer) to suppose / to say [pt. & pp. said]
    pongamos por caso... suppose... / let's say...
    poner huevos to lay eggs [pt. & pp. laid]

    Spanish-English dictionary > poner

  • 15 mehr

    I unbest. Pron. more; mehr als genug more than enough; mehr als 20 more than ( oder over) 20; war er unhöflich? - mehr als das - er war frech was he rude? - worse than that, he was insolent; und dergleichen mehr and so on, and the like; das ist ein Grund mehr, um zu (+ Inf.) that’s one more ( oder another) reason to (+ Inf.) was will er mehr? what more does he want?; er bildet sich ein, mehr zu sein als andere he imagines he’s better than other people ( oder superior to other people); je mehr..., desto besser the more..., the better; je mehr er hat, je mehr er will Sprichw. the more he has, the more he wants
    II Adj. more; mehr und mehr oder immer mehr Tiere more and more animals
    III Adv.
    1. more; das sagt mir mehr zu that’s more to my liking; er ist mehr ein praktischer Mensch he’s more of a practical man; mehr oder weniger oder minder more or less; das war ein grober Fehler, nicht mehr und nicht weniger it was a serious mistake, there are no two ways about it; der Hahn tropft immer mehr the tap is dripping more and more; je mehr er sich isoliert, desto mehr leidet er the more he shuts himself away, the more he suffers; umso mehr all the more; schmecken II
    2. mit Negation: nicht mehr zeitlich: no longer, not any longer ( oder more); nie mehr never again; wenn ich einmal nicht mehr bin euph. when I’m no longer around; ich habe keins oder keine Pl. mehr I haven’t got any more; ich habe nichts mehr I’ve got nothing left; kein Wort mehr not another word; ich habe keine Lust mehr I no longer want to, I don’t want to any more; ich kann nicht mehr umg. beim Essen: I couldn’t eat another thing; (bin erschöpft) I can’t go on; (ertrage es nicht mehr) I can’t take it any more; ich werd nicht mehr! umg. I don’t believe it!
    3. südd., österr.: ich habe nur mehr 10 Euro I’ve only got 10 euros (left)
    * * *
    more
    * * *
    [meːɐ]
    nt -,
    no pl
    1) (esp Sw = Mehrheit) majority
    2) (= Zuwachs) increase

    mit einem Méhr an Mühe — with more effort

    auf das Méhr oder Weniger an Erfahrung kommt es nicht an — it's not a question of having more or less experience

    * * *
    1) (a greater number or quantity of: I've more pencils than he has.) more
    2) (an additional number or quantity of: We need some more milk.) more
    3) (to a greater degree or extent: I'm exercising a little more now than I used to.) more
    4) (any longer; nowadays: He doesn't go any more, but he used to go twice a week.) any more
    5) (a greater number or quantity: `Are there a lot of people?' `There are far more than we expected.') more
    6) (an additional number or amount: We've run out of paint. Will you go and get some more?) more
    * * *
    <-[s]>
    [ˈme:ɐ̯]
    1. (zusätzlicher Aufwand)
    ▪ ein \Mehr an etw dat an additional sth
    mit einem [kleinem] \Mehr an Mühe with a [little] bit more effort
    2. POL SCHWEIZ majority
    * * *
    das; Mehrs

    ein Mehr an Zeit — (Dat.) usw. more time etc

    * * *
    A. indef pr more;
    mehr als genug more than enough;
    mehr als 20 more than ( oder over) 20;
    war er unhöflich? -
    mehr als das - er war frech was he rude? - worse than that, he was insolent;
    und dergleichen mehr and so on, and the like;
    das ist ein Grund mehr, um zu (+inf) that’s one more ( oder another) reason to (+inf)
    was will er mehr? what more does he want?;
    er bildet sich ein, mehr zu sein als andere he imagines he’s better than other people ( oder superior to other people);
    je mehr …, desto besser the more …, the better;
    je mehr er hat, je mehr er will sprichw the more he has, the more he wants
    B. adj more;
    immer mehr Tiere more and more animals
    C. adv
    1. more;
    das sagt mir mehr zu that’s more to my liking;
    er ist mehr ein praktischer Mensch he’s more of a practical man;
    minder more or less;
    das war ein grober Fehler, nicht mehr und nicht weniger it was a serious mistake, there are no two ways about it;
    der Hahn tropft immer mehr the tap is dripping more and more;
    je mehr er sich isoliert, desto mehr leidet er the more he shuts himself away, the more he suffers;
    umso mehr all the more; → schmecken B
    nicht mehr zeitlich: no longer, not any longer ( oder more);
    nie mehr never again;
    wenn ich einmal nicht mehr bin euph when I’m no longer around;
    keine pl
    mehr I haven’t got any more;
    ich habe nichts mehr I’ve got nothing left;
    kein Wort mehr not another word;
    ich habe keine Lust mehr I no longer want to, I don’t want to any more;
    ich kann nicht mehr umg beim Essen: I couldn’t eat another thing; (bin erschöpft) I can’t go on; (ertrage es nicht mehr) I can’t take it any more;
    ich werd nicht mehr! umg I don’t believe it!
    3. südd, österr:
    ich habe nur mehr 10 Euro I’ve only got 10 euros (left)
    * * *
    das; Mehrs

    ein Mehr an Zeit — (Dat.) usw. more time etc

    * * *
    adj.
    further adj.
    more adj. adv.
    times adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > mehr

  • 16 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

  • 17 sens

    sens [sɑ̃s]
    1. masculine noun
       a. ( = goût, vue etc) sense
       b. ( = instinct) sense
    • avoir le sens du rythme/de l'humour to have a sense of rhythm/of humour
       c. ( = signification) meaning
    • au sens propre/figuré in the literal figurative sense
    • au sens large/strict du terme in the general/strict sense of the word
    • en ce sens que... in the sense that...
    • la culture, au sens où il l'entend culture, as he understands it
       d. ( = direction) direction
    • aller dans le bon/mauvais sens to go the right/wrong way
    • arriver en sens contraire or inverse to arrive from the opposite direction
    • ça va or part dans tous les sens (figurative) it's all over the place
    • la circulation dans le sens Paris-province/province-Paris traffic out of/into Paris
    • être/mettre sens dessus dessous to be/turn upside down
       f. ► bon sens common sense
    • c'est le bon sens même de... it's only common sense to...
    ► sens giratoire roundabout (Brit), traffic circle (US)
    • à sens unique [rue] one-way ; [concession] one-sided
    * * *
    sɑ̃s
    1.
    nom masculin invariable
    1) ( direction) lit, fig direction, way

    dans le sens de la largeur — widthways, across

    dans le sens de la longueur — lengthways, longways US

    être dans le bon/mauvais sens — to be the right/wrong way up

    dans le sens des fils — ( de tissu) with the grain

    sens dessus dessous — sɑ̃dəsydəsu ( à l'envers) upside down; ( en désordre) upside down; ( très troublé) very upset

    sens devant derrière — sɑ̃dəvɑ̃dɛʀjɛʀ back to front

    aller dans le bon sens — [réformes, mesures] to be a step in the right direction

    2) ( signification) meaning

    cela n'a pas de sens — gén it doesn't make sense; (idiot, ridicule) it's absurd

    4) ( intuition) sense

    2.
    nom masculin pluriel senses
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••
    * * *
    sɑ̃s
    1. vb
    See:
    2. nm
    1) (= odorat, ouïe) sense
    2) (= instinct) sense

    Il a perdu tout sens critique. — He's lost all critical sense.

    Il n'a aucun sens esthétique. — He has no aesthetic sense.

    avoir le sens de... — to have a sense of...

    Je n'ai pas le sens de l'orientation. — I've got no sense of direction.

    avoir le sens de l'humour — to have a sense of humour Grande-Bretagne to have a sense of humor USA

    3) (= jugement)

    tomber sous le sens — to stand to reason, to be perfectly obvious

    en dépit du bon sens — contrary to all good sense, contrary to common sense

    4) (= signification) [mot, phrase] meaning, sense

    en un sens; dans un sens — in a way

    ça n'a pas de sens — it doesn't make sense, it doesn't make any sense

    5) (= direction) direction, way

    Il y aura des bouchons dans le sens Paris-Chartres. — There will be traffic jams going out of Paris towards Chartres., There will be traffic jams going out of Paris in the Chartres direction.

    dans l'autre sens — in the other direction, the other way

    dans tous les sens — in every direction, all over the place

    aller dans le bon sens — to go the right way, to go in the right direction

    dans le mauvais sens — the wrong way, in the wrong direction

    Tu tournes la poignée dans le mauvais sens. — You're turning the handle the wrong way., You're turning the handle in the wrong direction.

    3. nmpl
    1) (= facultés) senses

    reprendre ses sens — to come to, to regain consciousness

    2) (sensualité) senses
    * * *
    A nm inv
    1 ( direction) lit, fig direction, way; dans les deux sens in both directions; aller dans le bon/mauvais sens to go the right/wrong way, to go in the right/wrong direction; elle venait en sens inverse she was coming from the opposite direction; mouvement en sens contraire backward movement; en tous sens in all directions; dans le sens Paris-Lyon in the Paris to Lyons direction; dans le sens de la largeur widthways, across; dans le sens de la longueur lengthways, longways US; être dans le bon/mauvais sens to be the right/wrong way up; des flèches dans tous les sens arrows pointing in all directions; retourner un problème dans tous les sens to consider a problem from every angle; courir dans tous les sens to run all over the place; dans le sens de la marche facing the engine; dans le sens des fils Tex with the grain; sens dessus dessous ( à l'envers) upside down; ( en désordre) upside down; ( très troublé) very upset; sens devant derrière back to front; aller dans le bon sens [réformes, mesures] to be a step in the right direction; des mesures qui vont dans le sens de notre rapport measures which are in line with our report; le pays va dans le sens d'une plus grande indépendance the country is moving toward(s) greater independence; le sens de l'histoire the tide of history; nous travaillons dans ce sens that's what we are working toward(s); ces facteurs ont œuvré dans le sens d'une baisse these factors have contributed to a fall;
    2 ( d'une action) meaning; (de mythe, symbole) meaning; (de mot, d'expression) meaning; le sens figuré/littéral/péjoratif d'un mot the figurative/literal/pejorative sense of a word; employer un mot au sens propre/figuré to use a word literally/figuratively; avoir un sens péjoratif to be pejorative, to have a pejorative sense; le sens premier de qch the original meaning of sth; au sens large/strict du terme in the broad/strict sense of the word; au sens propre du terme literally; au sens fort du terme in the fullest sense of the word; c'est correct, dans tous les sens du terme it's correct, in every sense of the word; prendre tout son sens [remarque, titre] to take on its full meaning; en un sens in a sense; en ce sens que in the sense that; cela n'a pas de sens gén it doesn't make sense; (idiot, ridicule) it's absurd; cela n'a de sens que si tu restes it makes no sense unless you stay;
    3 Physiol sense; avoir un sens de l'odorat très développé to have a very keen sense of smell; recouvrer fml or retrouver l'usage de ses sens to regain consciousness; avoir un sixième sens fig to have a sixth sense;
    4 ( intuition) sense; sens du rythme/devoir sense of rhythm/duty; avoir le sens des responsabilités to have a sense of responsibility; avoir le sens de l'orientation to have a good sense of direction; avoir le sens pratique to be practical; ne pas avoir de sens pratique to be impractical; avoir peu de sens critique to be uncritical; avoir le sens de l'organisation to be a good organizer; ne pas avoir le sens du ridicule not to realize when one looks silly; avoir le sens des affaires to have a flair ou head for business; ton sens des affaires your business sense; ne pas avoir le sens de la langue to have no feeling for language; n'avoir aucun sens des réalités to live in a dream world.
    B nmpl senses; plaisirs des sens sensual pleasures.
    sens commun common sense; sens giratoire roundabout GB, traffic circle US; suivez le sens giratoire go round the roundabout GB, follow the traffic circle around US; sens de l'humour sense of humourGB; avoir le sens de l'humour to have a sense of humourGB; sens interdit ( panneau) no-entry sign; ( rue) one-way street; sens obligatoire ( panneau) one-way sign; sens unique ( panneau) one-way sign; ( rue) one-way street; c'est à sens unique lit it's one-way; fig it's one-sided.
    tomber sous le sens to be patently obvious.
    [sɑ̃s] verbe
    → link=sentir sentir
    ————————
    [sɑ̃s] nom masculin
    2. [instinct] sense
    bon sens, sens commun common sense
    ça tombe sous le sens it's obvious, it stands to reason
    3. [opinion]
    à mon sens, c'est impossible as I see it ou to my mind, it's impossible
    4. [signification - d'un mot, d'une phrase] meaning (substantif comptable), sense ; [ - d'une allégorie, d'un symbole] meaning (substantif comptable)
    lourd ou chargé de sens meaningful
    au sens propre/figuré in the literal/figurative sense
    5. [direction] direction
    dans tous les sens (sens propre) in all directions, all over the place
    pose l'équerre dans ce sens-là/l'autre sens lay the set square down this way/the other way round
    scier une planche dans le sens de la largeur/longueur to saw a board widthwise/lengthwise
    dans le sens nord-sud/est-ouest in a southerly/westerly direction
    fais demi-tour, on va dans le mauvais sens! turn round, we're going the wrong way ou in the wrong direction!
    a. [panneau] no-entry sign
    être ou rouler en sens interdit to be going the wrong way up/down a one-way street
    b. [décision] unilateral, one-sided
    6. (figuré) [orientation] line
    ————————
    [sɑ̃s] nom masculin pluriel
    [sensualité] (carnal) senses
    dans le sens où locution conjonctive
    dans un certain sens locution adverbiale
    → link=dansdans le sens où
    sens dessus dessous locution adverbiale
    sens devant derrière locution adverbiale

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > sens

  • 18 χάρις

    χάρις, ιτος, ἡ (Hom.+) acc. quite predom. χάριν, but χάριτα Ac 24:27; 25:9 v.l.; Jd 4 and pl. χάριτας Ac 24:27 v.l.; 1 Cl 23:1 (Eur., Hel. 1378; Hdt. 6, 41; X., Hell. 3, 5, 16; ins, pap; Zech 4:7; 6:14; EpArist 272, pl. 230.—B-D-F §47, 3; W-S. §9, 7; Mayser 271f; Thackeray 150; Helbing 40f; Mlt-H. 132.—It seems that χάρις is not always clearly differentiated in mng. fr. χαρά; Apollodorus [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 90 Jac. says in the second book περὶ θεῶν: κληθῆναι δὲ αὐτὰς ἀπὸ μὲν τ. χαρᾶς Χάριτας• καὶ γὰρ πολλάκις … οἱ ποιηταὶ τ. χάριν χαρὰν καλοῦσιν ‘the [deities] Charites are so called from χαρά [joy], for poets freq. equate χάρις with χαρά’. Cp. the wordplay AcPl Ha 8, 7 χαρᾶς καὶ χάριτος the house was filled with gaiety and gratitude.).
    ① a winning quality or attractiveness that invites a favorable reaction, graciousness, attractiveness, charm, winsomeness (Hom.+; Jos., Ant. 2, 231) of human form and appearance παῖς λίαν εὐειδής ἐν χάριτι an exceptionally fine-looking and winsome youth AcPl Ha 3, 13. Of speech (Demosth. 51, 9; Ps.-Demetr. [I A.D.], Eloc. §127; 133; 135 al.; Eccl 10:12; Sir 21:16; Jos., Ant. 18, 208) οἱ λόγοι τῆς χάριτος (gen. of quality) the gracious words Lk 4:22. ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν πάντοτε ἐν χάριτι let your conversation always be winsome Col 4:6 (cp. Plut., Mor. 514f; s. also HAlmqvist, Plut. u. das NT ’46, 121f; Epict. 3, 22, 90). τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ χάριτος ἐπληροῦτο MPol 12:1 can also be placed here in case χάρις means nothing more than graciousness (s. 4 below); prob. also GJs 7:3 (s. 3b).
    ② a beneficent disposition toward someone, favor, grace, gracious care/help, goodwill (almost a t.t. in the reciprocity-oriented world dominated by Hellenic influence [cp. e.g. OGI 669, 29] as well as by the Semitic sense of social obligation expressed in the term חֶסֶד [NGlueck, Das Wort ḥesed in alttestamentlichen Sprachgebrauche etc. 1927]. Of a different order and spirit is the subset of reciprocity known as Roman patronage, in which superiority of the donor over the client is clearly maintained)
    ⓐ act., that which one grants to another, the action of one who volunteers to do someth. not otherwise obligatory χάρις θεοῦ ἦν ἐπʼ αὐτό Lk 2:40. ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ (cp. τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Κλαυδίου χάριτι OGI 669, 29) Ac 11:2 D; 14:26. τοῦ κυρίου 15:40.—Esp. of the beneficent intention of God (cp. χ. in reference to God: Apollon. Rhod. 3, 1005 σοὶ θεόθεν χάρις ἔσσεται; Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 40 χ. τῶν θεῶν; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 320 D.; 53 p. 620; Sextus 436b; likew. in LXX, Philo, Joseph.; SibOr 4, 46=189; 5, 330; Ezk. Trag. 162 [Eus., PE 9, 29, 12].—χ. to denote beneficent dispensations of the emperor: OGI 669, 44 [I A.D.]; BGU 19 I, 21 [II A.D.] χάρ. τοῦ θεοῦ Αὐτοκράτορος; 1085 II, 4) and of Christ, who give (undeserved) gifts to people; God: δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν τῇ αὐτοῦ χάριτι Ro 3:24. Cp. 5:15a, 20f; 6:1; 11:5 (ἐκλογή 1), 6abc; Gal 1:15 (διά A 3e); Eph 1:6f (KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 337 [reff. to Qumran lit.]); 2:5, 7, 8; cp. Pol 1:3; 2 Th 1:12; 2:16; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 2:11 (ἡ χάρ. τοῦ θεοῦ σωτήριος; s. Dibelius, Hdb. exc. after Tit 2:14); 3:7; Hb 2:9 (χωρίς 2aα); 4:16a (DdeSilva, JBL 115, ’96, 100–103); 1 Cl 50:3; ISm 9:2; IPol 7:3. ἐν χάρ[ιτι θεοῦ] AcPl Ha 7, 23 (restoration uncertain). κατὰ χάριν as a favor, out of goodwill (cp. Pla., Leg. 740c; schol. on Soph., Oed. Col. 1751 p. 468 Papag.) Ro 4:4 (opp. κατὰ ὀφείλημα), 16.—The beneficence or favor of Christ: διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι Ac 15:11. Cp. Ro 5:15b; 2 Cor 8:9; 1 Ti 1:14; IPhld 8:1. On Ac 2:47 in this sense s. TAnderson, NTS 34, ’88, 604–10.
    ⓑ pass., that which one experiences fr. another (Arrian, Anab. Alex. 3, 26, 4) χάριν ἔχειν have favor 3J 4 v.l. πρός τινα with someone=win his respect Ac 2:47 (cp. 2a end; cp. Pind., O. 7, 89f χάριν καὶ ποτʼ ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνων grant him respect in the presence of his townfolk as well as strangers); παρά τινι (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 89 §376) Hm 10, 3, 1, cp. 5, 1, 5. εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 77, end) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10; ἐνώπιόν τινος Ac 7:46; GJs 11:2 (JosAs 15:14). ἐν τοῖς μέλλουσι μετανοεῖν among those who are about to repent Hm 12, 3, 3. Ἰησοῦς προέκοπτεν χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52 (an indication of exceptional ἀρετή, cp. Pind. above). Cp. Ac 4:33; 7:10 (ἐναντίον Φαραώ); Hb 4:16b.—ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν; what credit is that to you? Lk 6:32–34; s. D 1:3; 2 Cl 13:4. Cp. 1 Cor 9:16 v.l. In these passages the mng. comes close to reward (s. Wetter [5 below] 209ff w. reff.).—Also by metonymy that which brings someone (God’s) favor or wins a favorable response fr. God 1 Pt 2:19, 20.
    ⓒ In Christian epistolary lit. fr. the time of Paul χάρις is found w. the sense (divine) favor in fixed formulas at the beginning and end of letters (Zahn on Gal 1:3; vDobschütz on 1 Th 1:1; ELohmeyer, ZNW 26, 1927, 158ff; APujol, De Salutat. Apost. ‘Gratia vobis et pax’: Verb. Dom. 12, ’32, 38–40; 76–82; WFoerster, TW II ’34, 409ff; Goodsp., Probs. 141f. S. also the lit. s.v. χαίρω 2b). At the beginning of a letter χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη (sc. εἴη; New Docs 8, 127f) Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Th 1:1; 2 Th 1:2; Phlm 3; Rv 1:4; without ὑμῖν Tit 1:4. χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 Pt 1:2; 2 Pt 1:2; 1 Cl ins. χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη 1 Ti 1:2; 2 Ti 1:2; 2J 3 (on the triplet cp. En 5:7 φῶς καὶ χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη).—At the end ἡ χάρις (τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ etc.) μεθʼ ὑμῶν (or μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν etc.) Ro 16:20, 23 (24) v.l.; 1 Cor 16:23; 2 Cor 13:13; Gal 6:18; Eph 6:24; Phil 4:23; Col 4:18; 1 Th 5:28; 2 Th 3:18; 1 Ti 6:21; 2 Ti 4:22; Tit 3:15; Phlm 25; Hb 13:25; Rv 22:21; 1 Cl 65:2. ἔσται ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων τῶν φοβουμένων τὸν Κύριον GJs 25:2. ὁ κύριος τῆς δόξης καὶ πάσης χάριτος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν B 21:9. χάρις ὑμῖν, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ὑπομονὴ διὰ παντός ISm 12:2. ἔρρωσθε ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ 13:2.
    ③ practical application of goodwill, (a sign of) favor, gracious deed/gift, benefaction
    ⓐ on the part of humans (X., Symp. 8, 36, Ages. 4, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 49 §213; Dionys. Hal. 2, 15, 4) χάριν (-ιτα) καταθέσθαι τινί (κατατίθημι 2) Ac 24:27; 25:9. αἰτεῖσθαι χάριν 25:3 (in these passages from Ac χ. suggests [political] favor, someth. one does for another within a reciprocity system. Cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 108 §506 ἐς χάριν Σύλλα=as a favor to Sulla; ApcSed 8:1 οὐκ ἐποίησάς μοι χάριν=you did me no favor). ἵνα δευτέραν χάριν σχῆτε that you might have a second proof of my goodwill 2 Cor 1:15 (unless χάρις here means delight [so in poetry, Pind. et al., but also Pla., Isocr.; L-S-J-M s.v. χάρις IV; cp. also the quot. fr. Apollodorus at the beg. of the present entry, and the fact that χαρά is v.l. in 2 Cor 1:15]; in that case δευτέρα means double; but s. comm.). Of the collection for Jerusalem (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 42 §173 χάριτας λαμβάνειν=receive gifts) 1 Cor 16:3; 2 Cor 8:4, 6f, 19 (DdeSilva, JBL 115, ’96, 101). Cp. B 21:7.—Eph 4:29 may suggest a demonstration of human favor (cp. Plut., Mor. 514e χάριν παρασκευάζοντες ἀλλήλοις), but a ref. to the means by which divine grace is mediated is not to be ruled out (s. b below).
    ⓑ on the part of God and Christ; the context will show whether the emphasis is upon the possession of divine favor as a source of blessings for the believer, or upon a store of favor that is dispensed, or a favored status (i.e. standing in God’s favor) that is brought about, or a gracious deed wrought by God in Christ, or a gracious work that grows fr. more to more (so in contrast to the old covenant Mel., P. 3, 16 al.). God is called ὁ θεὸς πάσης χάριτος 1 Pt 5:10, i.e. God, who is noted for any conceivable benefit or favor; cp. B 21:9.—χάριν διδόναι τινί show favor to someone (Anacr. 110 Diehl; Appian, Ital. 5 §10): τὸν δόντα αὐτῷ τὴν χάριν GJs 14:2. ταπεινοῖς δίδωσι χάριν (Pr 3:34) Js 4:6b; 1 Pt 5:5; 1 Cl 30:2; without a dat. Js 4:6a (Menand., Epitr. 231 S. [55 Kö.]). Perh. καὶ ἔβαλλε κύριος … χάριν ἐπʼ αὐτήν GJs 7:3 (but s. 1 above). The Logos is πλήρης χάριτος J 1:14. Those who belong to him receive of the fullness of his grace, χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος vs. 16 (ἀντί 2). Cp. vs. 17. τὴν χάριν ταύτην ἐν ᾗ ἑστήκαμεν this favor (of God) we now enjoy Ro 5:2 (Goodsp.).—5:17; 1 Cor 1:4; 2 Cor 4:15 (divine beneficence in conversion); cp. Ac 11:23; 6:1; Gal 1:6 (by Christ’s gracious deed); 2:21; 5:4; Col 1:6; 2 Ti 2:1; Hb 12:15; 13:9; 1 Pt 1:10, 13; 3:7 (συνκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς fellow-heirs of the gift that spells life; s. ζωή 2bα); 5:12; 2 Pt 3:18; Jd 4; IPhld 11:1; ISm 6:2. Christians stand ὑπὸ χάριν under God’s gracious will as expressed in their release from legal constraint Ro 6:14f, or they come ὑπὸ τὸν ζυγὸν τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 16:17 (ζυγός 1). The proclamation of salvation is the message of divine beneficence τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς χάριτος τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 20:24 or ὁ λόγος τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ κυρίου) 14:3; 20:32. Even the gospel message can be called ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ 13:43; cp. 18:27; MPol 2:3. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος the Spirit from or through whom (God’s) favor is shown Hb 10:29 (AArgyle, Grace and the Covenant: ET 60, ’48/49, 26f).—Pl. benefits, favors (Diod S 3, 2, 4; 3, 73, 6; Sb 8139, 4 [ins of I B.C.] of Isis; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190) 1 Cl 23:1.—Nelson Glueck, Das Wort ḥesed etc. 1927, but s. FAndersen, ‘Yahweh, the Kind and Sensitive God’: God Who is Rich in Mercy, ed. PO’Brien/DPeterson ’86.
    ④ exceptional effect produced by generosity, favor. Of effects produced by divine beneficence which go beyond those associated with a specific Christian’s status (ins μεγάλαι χάριτες τοῦ θεου: FCumont, Syria 7, 1926, 347ff), in the congregations of Macedonia 2 Cor 8:1 and Corinth 9:14; cp. vs. 8; in Rome AcPl Ha 7, 8. The Christian confessor is in full possession of divine grace ISm 11:1. Paul knows that through the χάρις of God he has been called to be an apostle, and that he has been fitted out w. the powers and capabilities requisite for this office fr. the same source: Ro 1:5; 12:3; 15:15; 1 Cor 3:10; 15:10ab (for the subject matter cp. Polyb. 12, 12b, 3 αὐτὸν [Alex. the Great] ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου τετευχέναι τούτων ὧν ἔτυχεν=whatever he has received he has received from what is divine. [For this reason he does not deserve any divine honors.]); 2 Cor 12:9; Gal 2:9; Eph 3:2, 7f; Phil 1:7.—The χάρις of God manifests itself in various χαρίσματα: Ro 12:6; Eph 4:7; 1 Pt 4:10. This brings into view a number of passages in which χάρις is evidently to be understood in a very concrete sense. It is hardly to be differentiated fr. δύναμις (θεοῦ) or fr. γνῶσις or δόξα (q.v. 1b. On this subj. s. Wetter [5 below] p. 94ff; esp. 130ff; pap in the GLumbroso Festschr. 1925, 212ff: χάρις, δύναμις, πνεῦμα w. essentially the same mng.; PGM 4, 2438; 3165; Herm. Wr. 1, 32; Just., D. 87, 5 ἀπὸ χάριτος τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ πνεύματος). οὐκ ἐν σοφίᾳ σαρκικῇ ἀλλʼ ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ 2 Cor 1:12. οὐκ ἐγὼ δὲ ἀλλὰ ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί 1 Cor 15:10c. αὐξάνετε ἐν χάριτι καὶ γνώσει τοῦ κυρίου 2 Pt 3:18; cp. 1 Cl 55:3; B 1:2 (τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάρις). Stephen is said to be πλήρης χάριτος καὶ δυνάμεως Ac 6:8. Divine power fills the Christian confessor or martyr w. a radiant glow MPol 12:1 (but s. 1 above). As the typical quality of the age to come, contrasted w. the κόσμος D 10:6.
    ⑤ response to generosity or beneficence, thanks, gratitude (a fundamental component in the Gr-Rom. reciprocity system; exx. fr. later times: Diod S 11, 71, 4 [χάριτες=proofs of gratitude]; Appian, Syr. 3, 12; 13. Cp. Wetter [below] p. 206f) χάριν ἔχειν τινί be grateful to someone (Eur., Hec. 767; X., An. 2, 5, 14; Pla., Phlb. 54d; Ath. 2, 1; PLips 104, 14 [I B.C.] χάριν σοι ἔχω) foll. by ὅτι (Epict. 3, 5, 10; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 270; 2, 49) Lk 17:9 (ERiggenbach, NKZ 34, 1923, 439–43); mostly of gratitude to God or Christ; χάρις in our lit. as a whole, in the sense gratitude, refers to appropriate respone to the Deity for benefits conferred (Hom., Pind., Thu. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Jos., Ant. 7, 208) χάριν ἔχω τῷ θεῷ (POxy 113, 13 [II A.D.] χάριν ἔχω θεοῖς πᾶσιν.—Epict. 4, 7, 9) 2 Ti 1:3; foll. by ὅτι because 1 Ti 1:12 (Herm. Wr. 6, 4 κἀγὼ χάριν ἔχω τῷ θεῷ …, ὅτι; Jos., Ant. 4, 316); χάριν ἔχειν ἐπί τινι be grateful for someth. Phlm 7 v.l. (to humans). ἔχωμεν χάριν let us be thankful (to God) Hb 12:28 (the reason for it is given by the preceding ptc. παραλαμβάνοντες). Elliptically (B-D-F §128, 6; cp. Rob. 1201f) χάρις (ἔστω) τῷ θεῷ (X., Oec. 8, 16 πολλὴ χάρις τοῖς θεοῖς; Epict. 4, 4, 7 χάρις τῷ θεῳ; BGU 843, 6 [I/II A.D.] χάρις τοῖς θεοῖς al. in pap since III B.C..—Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 309) Ro 7:25; MPol 3:1. Foll. by ὅτι (X., An. 3, 3, 14 τοῖς θεοῖς χάρις ὅτι; PFay 124, 16 τοῖς θεοῖς ἐστιν χάρις ὅτι; Epict. 4, 5, 9) Ro 6:17. Foll. by ἐπί τινι for someth. (UPZ 108, 30 [99 B.C.]) 2 Cor 9:15. The reason for the thanks is given in the ptc. agreeing w. τῷ θεῷ 2:14; 8:16; 1 Cor 15:57 (cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 145; Philo, Somn. 2, 213). Thankfulness (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 15 §51 πρός τινα=toward someone) χάριτι in thankfulness 10:30. So prob. also ἐν τῇ χάριτι in a thankful spirit Col 3:16 (Dibelius, Hdb. ad loc.). πλησθῆναι χαρᾶς καὶ χάριτος AcPl Ha 8, 7. S. εὐχαριστέω, end. Also PSchubert, Form and Function of the Pauline Thanksgivings ’39.—OLoew, Χάρις, diss., Marburg 1908; GWetter, Charis 1913; AvHarnack, Sanftmut, Huld u. Demut in der alten Kirche: JKaftan Festschr. 1920, 113ff; NBonwetsch, Zur Geschichte des Begriffs Gnade in der alten Kirche: Harnack Festgabe 1921, 93–101; EBurton, Gal ICC 1921, 423f; WWhitley, The Doctrine of Grace ’32; JMoffatt, Grace in the NT ’31; RWinkler, D. Gnade im NT: ZST 10, ’33, 642–80; RHomann, D. Gnade in d. Syn. Ev.: ibid. 328–48; JWobbe, D. Charisgedanke b. Pls ’32; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 283–310 (Paul); HBoers, Ἀγάπη and Χάρις in Paul’s Thought: CBQ 59, ’97, 693–713; on 2 Cor 8: FDanker, Augsburg Comm. 2 Cor, 116–34; PRousselot, La Grâce d’après St. Jean et d’après St. Paul: SR 18, 1928, 87–108, Christent. u. Wissensch. 8, ’32, 402–30; JMontgomery, Hebrew Hesed and Gk. Charis: HTR 32, ’39, 97–102; Dodd 61f; TTorrance, The Doctrine of Grace in the Apost. Fathers, ’48; JRenié, Studia Anselmiana 27f, ’51, 340–50; CRSmith, The Bible Doctrine of Grace, ’56; EFlack, The Concept of Grace in Bibl. Thought: Bibl. Studies in Memory of HAlleman, ed. Myers, ’60, 137–54; DDoughty, NTS 19, ’73, 163–80.—B. 1166. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > χάρις

  • 19 sentido

    adj.
    deeply felt, touching, heartfelt, moving.
    m.
    1 sense, meaning, purport.
    2 sense, each one of one's five senses.
    3 direction, course.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: sentir.
    * * *
    1 (gen) sense
    2 (significado) sense, meaning
    3 (conocimiento) consciousness
    4 (dirección) direction
    ————————
    1→ link=sentir sentir
    1 (muerte etc) deeply felt
    2 (sensible) touchy, sensitive
    1 (gen) sense
    2 (significado) sense, meaning
    3 (conocimiento) consciousness
    4 (dirección) direction
    \
    dejar a alguien sin sentido to knock somebody out
    en cierto sentido in a sense
    en sentido opuesto in the opposite direction
    hablar sin sentido to talk nonsense
    hacer algo con los cinco sentidos figurado to take great pains with something
    no tiene sentido / no tiene ningún sentido it doesn't make sense
    ¿qué sentido tiene + inf...? what's the point in/of + - ing...?
    ■ ¿qué sentido tiene hablarle si no te hace caso? what's the point of talking to him if he won't listen?
    tener sentido to make sense
    doble sentido double meaning
    sentido común common sense
    sentido de la orientación sense of direction
    sentido del humor sense of humour (US humor)
    sentido figurado figurative meaning
    * * *
    noun m.
    3) direction, way
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [carta, declaración] heartfelt

    mi más sentido pésame — my deepest sympathy, my heartfelt condolences

    2) (=dolido) hurt
    3) [carácter, persona] sensitive
    2. SM
    1) (=capacidad)
    a) [para sentir] sense
    b) [para percibir] sense

    sentido del ridículo, su sentido del ridículo le impidió hacerlo — he felt self-conscious o embarrassed so he didn't do it

    sentido práctico, tener sentido práctico — to be practical

    2) (=significado) meaning

    ¿cuál es el sentido literal de esta palabra? — what is the literal meaning of this word?

    • doble sentido — double meaning

    • sin sentido — [palabras, comentario] meaningless

    3) (=lógica) sense

    poco a poco, todo empieza a cobrar sentido — everything is gradually beginning to make sense

    • sin sentido — [crueldad, violencia] senseless

    • tener sentido — to make sense

    solo tiene sentido quejarse si así puedes conseguir lo que quieres — it only makes sense to complain if o the only point in complaining is if you can then get what you want

    no tiene sentido que te disculpes ahora — it's pointless (you) apologizing now, there's no sense o point in (you) apologizing now

    4) (=conciencia) consciousness

    • perder el sentido — to lose consciousness

    • recobrar el sentido — to regain consciousness

    5) (=dirección) direction

    • en el sentido de las agujas del reloj — clockwise

    en sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj — anti-clockwise, counterclockwise (EEUU)

    calle 1)
    6) [otras expresiones]

    • en sentido amplio — in the broad sense

    • en el buen sentido de la palabra — in the best o good sense of the word

    • en cierto sentido — in a sense

    • en ese sentido — [con nombre] to that effect; [con verbo] in that sense, in that respect

    en ese sentido no sabemos qué hacer — in that sense o respect, we don't know what to do

    • en sentido estricto — in the strict sense of the word o term

    no es, en sentido estricto, un pez de río — it's not a freshwater fish in the strict sense of the word o term, it's not strictly speaking a freshwater fish

    • en sentido figurado — in the figurative sense, figuratively

    • en sentido lato — in the broad sense

    • tomar algo en el mal sentido — to take sth the wrong way

    • en tal sentido — to that effect

    un acuerdo en tal sentido sería interpretado como una privatización — such an agreement o an agreement to that effect would be interpreted as privatization

    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1) <palabras/carta> heartfelt; <anhelo/dolor> deep
    2) < persona>
    a) [ESTAR] (AmL) ( dolorido) hurt, offended
    b) [SER] (Esp) ( sensible) sensitive, touchy
    II
    1)
    a) (Fisiol) sense

    poner los cinco sentidos en algo — to give something one's full attention; ( ante peligro) to keep one's wits about one

    b) (noción, idea)
    2) ( conocimiento) consciousness

    recobrar el sentido — to regain consciousness, to come to, to come round

    en sentido literal/figurado — in a literal/figurative sense

    en cierto sentido... — in a sense...

    4) ( dirección) direction

    venían en sentido contrario or opuesto al nuestro — they were coming in the opposite direction to us

    calle de sentido único or (Méx) de un solo sentido — one-way street

    * * *
    = denotation, meaning, sense, drift, flavour [flavor, -USA], meaningfulness, heartfelt, respect, sense of purpose.
    Ex. In establishing subdivisions for use with the names of people or peoples consider the connotation, in addition to the denotation, of the wording and structure of the subdivision.
    Ex. The term indexing language can seem rather daunting, and has certainly had different meanings in its different incarnations.
    Ex. In some senses these could also be regarded as special classification schemes.
    Ex. The main drift of the proceedings concerned national libraries -- their role, functions and financing.
    Ex. Collected in 1907 from an oral source, this story depends for its charm and attraction on the colloquial flavour, its dialect.
    Ex. The author challenges the meaningfulness of precision and recall values as a measure of performance of a retrieval system.
    Ex. The author examines selected examples of the literature that generate conflict between cultural responsibility and artistic freedom along with a sampling of the heated and heartfelt exchange about that literature in Internet discussions.
    Ex. However, the survey developed in the current study would need to be similar in other key respects to the water quality survey developed by Carson and Mitchell = No obstante, el cuestionario desarrollado en este estudio debería parecerse en otros aspectos importantes al cuestionario desarrollado por Carson y Mitchell sobre la calidad del agua.
    Ex. This article argues that those in leadership roles bear a special responsibility for creating a sense of purpose in the organisation.
    ----
    * ¿qué sentido tiene = what is/was the point of...?.
    * aclarar el sentido = clarify + meaning.
    * carecer de sentido = be meaningless.
    * con sentido = meaningful, purposeful, in a meaningful way.
    * dar sentido = make + sense (out) of, make + sense of life.
    * dar sentido a = make + meaningful, give + meaning to.
    * dar sentido a las cosas = sense-making, meaning making.
    * dar sentido a la vida = give + meaning to life.
    * dar sentido a + Posesivo + vida = make + sense of + Posesivo + life.
    * de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.
    * dejar a Alguien sin sentido = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.
    * desarrollarse en un sentido determinado = develop along + lines.
    * de sentido único = one-way.
    * devolver el sentido a la vida = put + meaning + back in + Posesivo + life.
    * discusión sin sentido = pointless discussion, pointless argument.
    * doble sentido = double meaning, equivocation.
    * empezar a tener sentido = become + meaningful.
    * en algunos sentidos = in some respects.
    * en cierto sentido = in several respects, to some extent, in a sense, in some respects, to some degree.
    * en + Cuantificador + sentidos = in + Cuantificador + respects.
    * en el estricto sentido de la palabra = strictly speaking.
    * en el sentido del reloj = clockwise.
    * en el sentido de que = in the sense that, along the lines that, in that.
    * en el sentido más amplio = in the broadest sense, in the widest sense.
    * en el sentido más general = in the broadest sense.
    * en el sentido que = in which.
    * en ese sentido = on that score, to that effect.
    * en este mismo sentido = along the same lines.
    * en este sentido = along these lines, in this connection, in this direction, in this respect, in this sense, in this vein, in this spirit, in this regard, in this effort, in that spirit, on this score, to that effect.
    * en más de un sentido = in more ways than one.
    * en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.
    * en ningún sentido de la palabra = in any sense of the word.
    * en sentido contrario = to the contrary.
    * en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj = counterclockwise, anti-clockwise.
    * en su estricto sentido = strictly speaking.
    * en su sentido más amplio = in its/their broadest sense, in its/their widest sense.
    * en su sentido más general = in its/their broadest sense.
    * en todos estos sentidos = in all these regards.
    * en todos los sentidos = in all respects, in every sense.
    * en unel sentido amplio = in a/the broad sense.
    * en un/el sentido general = in a/the broad sense.
    * en un/el sentido más amplio = in a/the broader sense.
    * en un/el sentido más general = in a/the broader sense.
    * en un sentido general = in a broad sense.
    * en un sentido más amplio = in a broader sense, in a larger sense.
    * en un sentido más general = in a broader sense.
    * en varios sentidos = in several respects, in various respects.
    * escribir con sentido = write + sense.
    * falta de sentido = meaninglessness.
    * falto de sentido crítico = uncritical.
    * hacer perder el sentido a = make + nonsense of.
    * ir en contra del sentido común = violate + common sense.
    * no tener sentido = be meaningless, be pointless, be senseless.
    * no tener sentido + Infinitivo = there + be + little point in + Gerundio, there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.
    * parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.
    * perder el sentido = faint, lose + Posesivo + senses, lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.
    * perder el sentido del humor = lose + sense of humour.
    * perder sentido = lose + purpose.
    * pérdida del sentido = fainting, fainting fit.
    * quedarse sin sentido = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.
    * que tiene sentido = meaningful.
    * quitarle el sentido = render + meaningless.
    * recobrar el sentido = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * recuperar el sentido = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * rima sin sentido = nonsense, nonsense verse.
    * sentido común = common sense, savvy, good judgement, judgement [judgment], good sense.
    * sentido de culpa = guilt.
    * sentido de desigualdad = sense of inequality.
    * sentido de identidad = sense of identity.
    * sentido de la historia = sense of history.
    * sentido de la obligación = sense of obligation.
    * sentido de la oportunidad = sense of timing.
    * sentido de la palabra = word sense.
    * sentido de la proporción = sense of proportion.
    * sentido de la responsabilidad = sense of responsibility.
    * sentido de la superioridad = sense of superiority.
    * sentido de la vida, el = meaning of life, the.
    * sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.
    * sentido del deber = sense of duty.
    * sentido del decoro = sense of decorum.
    * sentido del gusto = sense of taste.
    * sentido del humor = sense of humour.
    * sentido del oído = hearing.
    * sentido del olfato = sense of smell, olfaction.
    * sentido del ridículo = self-consciousness, embarrassment, self-conscious feeling.
    * sentido del ser humano = human sense.
    * sentido del tacto = sense of touch.
    * sentido del tiempo = sense of time, notion of time.
    * sentido de moralidad = sense of morality.
    * sentido de pertenencia = sense of ownership.
    * sentido de territorialidad = territoriality.
    * sentido humano = human sense.
    * sentido implícito = subtext.
    * sentido muy desarrollado de su propio territorio = territoriality.
    * sentidos = grounds.
    * sexto sentido = sixth sense.
    * sin sentido = meaningless, purposeless, pointless, wanton, nonsensical, unconscious.
    * tener sentido = make + sense, be meaningful.
    * tener sentido del ridículo = feel + embarrassed.
    * teoría de dar sentido = sense-making approach.
    * tomar en sentido literal = take + Nombre + at face value, accept + Nombre + at face value.
    * un arraigado sentido de = a strong sense of.
    * ver el sentido = see + the point.
    * vía de doble sentido = two-way street.
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1) <palabras/carta> heartfelt; <anhelo/dolor> deep
    2) < persona>
    a) [ESTAR] (AmL) ( dolorido) hurt, offended
    b) [SER] (Esp) ( sensible) sensitive, touchy
    II
    1)
    a) (Fisiol) sense

    poner los cinco sentidos en algo — to give something one's full attention; ( ante peligro) to keep one's wits about one

    b) (noción, idea)
    2) ( conocimiento) consciousness

    recobrar el sentido — to regain consciousness, to come to, to come round

    en sentido literal/figurado — in a literal/figurative sense

    en cierto sentido... — in a sense...

    4) ( dirección) direction

    venían en sentido contrario or opuesto al nuestro — they were coming in the opposite direction to us

    calle de sentido único or (Méx) de un solo sentido — one-way street

    * * *
    = denotation, meaning, sense, drift, flavour [flavor, -USA], meaningfulness, heartfelt, respect, sense of purpose.

    Ex: In establishing subdivisions for use with the names of people or peoples consider the connotation, in addition to the denotation, of the wording and structure of the subdivision.

    Ex: The term indexing language can seem rather daunting, and has certainly had different meanings in its different incarnations.
    Ex: In some senses these could also be regarded as special classification schemes.
    Ex: The main drift of the proceedings concerned national libraries -- their role, functions and financing.
    Ex: Collected in 1907 from an oral source, this story depends for its charm and attraction on the colloquial flavour, its dialect.
    Ex: The author challenges the meaningfulness of precision and recall values as a measure of performance of a retrieval system.
    Ex: The author examines selected examples of the literature that generate conflict between cultural responsibility and artistic freedom along with a sampling of the heated and heartfelt exchange about that literature in Internet discussions.
    Ex: However, the survey developed in the current study would need to be similar in other key respects to the water quality survey developed by Carson and Mitchell = No obstante, el cuestionario desarrollado en este estudio debería parecerse en otros aspectos importantes al cuestionario desarrollado por Carson y Mitchell sobre la calidad del agua.
    Ex: This article argues that those in leadership roles bear a special responsibility for creating a sense of purpose in the organisation.
    * ¿qué sentido tiene = what is/was the point of...?.
    * aclarar el sentido = clarify + meaning.
    * carecer de sentido = be meaningless.
    * con sentido = meaningful, purposeful, in a meaningful way.
    * dar sentido = make + sense (out) of, make + sense of life.
    * dar sentido a = make + meaningful, give + meaning to.
    * dar sentido a las cosas = sense-making, meaning making.
    * dar sentido a la vida = give + meaning to life.
    * dar sentido a + Posesivo + vida = make + sense of + Posesivo + life.
    * de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.
    * dejar a Alguien sin sentido = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.
    * desarrollarse en un sentido determinado = develop along + lines.
    * de sentido único = one-way.
    * devolver el sentido a la vida = put + meaning + back in + Posesivo + life.
    * discusión sin sentido = pointless discussion, pointless argument.
    * doble sentido = double meaning, equivocation.
    * empezar a tener sentido = become + meaningful.
    * en algunos sentidos = in some respects.
    * en cierto sentido = in several respects, to some extent, in a sense, in some respects, to some degree.
    * en + Cuantificador + sentidos = in + Cuantificador + respects.
    * en el estricto sentido de la palabra = strictly speaking.
    * en el sentido del reloj = clockwise.
    * en el sentido de que = in the sense that, along the lines that, in that.
    * en el sentido más amplio = in the broadest sense, in the widest sense.
    * en el sentido más general = in the broadest sense.
    * en el sentido que = in which.
    * en ese sentido = on that score, to that effect.
    * en este mismo sentido = along the same lines.
    * en este sentido = along these lines, in this connection, in this direction, in this respect, in this sense, in this vein, in this spirit, in this regard, in this effort, in that spirit, on this score, to that effect.
    * en más de un sentido = in more ways than one.
    * en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.
    * en ningún sentido de la palabra = in any sense of the word.
    * en sentido contrario = to the contrary.
    * en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj = counterclockwise, anti-clockwise.
    * en su estricto sentido = strictly speaking.
    * en su sentido más amplio = in its/their broadest sense, in its/their widest sense.
    * en su sentido más general = in its/their broadest sense.
    * en todos estos sentidos = in all these regards.
    * en todos los sentidos = in all respects, in every sense.
    * en unel sentido amplio = in a/the broad sense.
    * en un/el sentido general = in a/the broad sense.
    * en un/el sentido más amplio = in a/the broader sense.
    * en un/el sentido más general = in a/the broader sense.
    * en un sentido general = in a broad sense.
    * en un sentido más amplio = in a broader sense, in a larger sense.
    * en un sentido más general = in a broader sense.
    * en varios sentidos = in several respects, in various respects.
    * escribir con sentido = write + sense.
    * falta de sentido = meaninglessness.
    * falto de sentido crítico = uncritical.
    * hacer perder el sentido a = make + nonsense of.
    * ir en contra del sentido común = violate + common sense.
    * no tener sentido = be meaningless, be pointless, be senseless.
    * no tener sentido + Infinitivo = there + be + little point in + Gerundio, there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.
    * parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.
    * perder el sentido = faint, lose + Posesivo + senses, lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.
    * perder el sentido del humor = lose + sense of humour.
    * perder sentido = lose + purpose.
    * pérdida del sentido = fainting, fainting fit.
    * quedarse sin sentido = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.
    * que tiene sentido = meaningful.
    * quitarle el sentido = render + meaningless.
    * recobrar el sentido = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * recuperar el sentido = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * rima sin sentido = nonsense, nonsense verse.
    * sentido común = common sense, savvy, good judgement, judgement [judgment], good sense.
    * sentido de culpa = guilt.
    * sentido de desigualdad = sense of inequality.
    * sentido de identidad = sense of identity.
    * sentido de la historia = sense of history.
    * sentido de la obligación = sense of obligation.
    * sentido de la oportunidad = sense of timing.
    * sentido de la palabra = word sense.
    * sentido de la proporción = sense of proportion.
    * sentido de la responsabilidad = sense of responsibility.
    * sentido de la superioridad = sense of superiority.
    * sentido de la vida, el = meaning of life, the.
    * sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.
    * sentido del deber = sense of duty.
    * sentido del decoro = sense of decorum.
    * sentido del gusto = sense of taste.
    * sentido del humor = sense of humour.
    * sentido del oído = hearing.
    * sentido del olfato = sense of smell, olfaction.
    * sentido del ridículo = self-consciousness, embarrassment, self-conscious feeling.
    * sentido del ser humano = human sense.
    * sentido del tacto = sense of touch.
    * sentido del tiempo = sense of time, notion of time.
    * sentido de moralidad = sense of morality.
    * sentido de pertenencia = sense of ownership.
    * sentido de territorialidad = territoriality.
    * sentido humano = human sense.
    * sentido implícito = subtext.
    * sentido muy desarrollado de su propio territorio = territoriality.
    * sentidos = grounds.
    * sexto sentido = sixth sense.
    * sin sentido = meaningless, purposeless, pointless, wanton, nonsensical, unconscious.
    * tener sentido = make + sense, be meaningful.
    * tener sentido del ridículo = feel + embarrassed.
    * teoría de dar sentido = sense-making approach.
    * tomar en sentido literal = take + Nombre + at face value, accept + Nombre + at face value.
    * un arraigado sentido de = a strong sense of.
    * ver el sentido = see + the point.
    * vía de doble sentido = two-way street.

    * * *
    sentido1 -da
    A ‹palabras/carta› heartfelt; ‹anhelo/dolor› deep
    mi más sentido pésame my deepest sympathy
    B ‹persona›
    1 [ SER] (sensible) sensitive, touchy
    2 [ ESTAR] (dolorido) hurt, offended
    está muy sentido porque no lo invitamos he's very hurt that we didn't ask him
    A
    1 ( Fisiol) sense
    tiene muy aguzado el sentido del olfato she has a very keen sense of smell
    poner los cinco sentidos en algo to give sth one's full attention; (ante un peligro) to keep one's wits about one
    2 (noción, idea) sentido DE algo sense OF sth
    su sentido del deber/de la justicia her sense of duty/of justice
    tiene un gran sentido del ritmo he has a great sense of rhythm
    sexto1 (↑ sexto (1))
    Compuestos:
    common sense
    sense of direction
    sense of humor*
    sense of the ridiculous
    tiene mucho sentido práctico she's very practical, she's very practically minded
    B (conocimiento) consciousness
    el golpe lo dejó sin sentido he was knocked senseless o unconscious by the blow
    perder el sentido to lose consciousness
    recobrar el sentido to regain consciousness, to come to, to come round
    C
    en el buen sentido de la palabra in the nicest sense of the word
    en el sentido estricto/amplio del vocablo in the strict/broad sense of the term
    en sentido literal/figurado in a literal/figurative sense
    lo dijo con doble sentido he was intentionally ambiguous
    buscaba algo que le diera sentido a su vida he was searching for something to give his life some meaning
    conociendo su biografía la obra cobra un sentido muy diferente when one knows something about his life the work takes on a totally different meaning
    no le encuentro sentido a lo que haces I can't see any sense o point in what you're doing
    esa política ya no tiene sentido that policy makes no sense anymore o is meaningless now
    no tiene sentido preocuparse por eso it's pointless o there's no point worrying about that
    2
    (aspecto): en cierto sentido tienen razón in a sense they're right
    en muchos/ciertos sentidos la situación no ha cambiado in many/certain respects the situation hasn't changed
    en este sentido debemos recordarnos que … in this respect we should remember …
    D (dirección) direction
    se mueve en el sentido de las agujas del reloj it moves clockwise o in a clockwise direction
    gírese en sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj turn (round) in a counterclockwise ( AmE) o ( BrE) an anticlockwise direction
    en el sentido de la veta de la madera with the grain of the wood
    venían en sentido contrario or opuesto al nuestro they were coming in the opposite direction to us
    calle de sentido único one-way street
    * * *

     

    Del verbo sentir: ( conjugate sentir)

    sentido es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    sentido    
    sentir
    sentido 1
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    1 ‹palabras/carta› heartfelt;
    ‹anhelo/dolor› deep;

    2 [ESTAR] (AmL) ( ofendido) hurt, offended
    sentido 2 sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (Fisiol) sense

    b) (noción, idea) sentido DE algo sense of sth;


    sentido común common sense;
    sentido del humor sense of humor( conjugate humor)
    2 ( conocimiento) consciousness;

    el golpe lo dejó sin sentido he was knocked unconscious by the blow
    3 ( significado) sense;

    en sentido literal in a literal sense;
    lo dijo con doble sentido he was intentionally ambiguous;
    el sentido de la vida the meaning of life;
    en cierto sentido … in a sense …;
    no le encuentro sentido a lo que haces I can't see any sense o point in what you're doing;
    esa política ya no tiene sentido that policy doesn't make sense anymore o is meaningless now;
    palabras sin sentido meaningless words
    4 ( dirección) direction;
    ◊ gírese en sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj turn (round) in a counterclockwise (AmE) o (BrE) an anticlockwise direction;

    venían en sentido contrario al nuestro they were coming in the opposite direction to us;
    calle de sentido único or (Méx) de un solo sentido one-way street
    sentir ( conjugate sentir) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹dolor/pinchazo› to feel;

    ◊ sentido hambre/frío/sed to feel hungry/cold/thirsty

    b) ‹ emoción› to feel;


    sentido celos to feel jealous
    2
    a) ( oír) ‹ruido/disparo› to hear

    b) (esp AmL) ( percibir):


    le siento gusto a vainilla I can taste vanilla
    3 ( lamentar):

    sentí mucho no poder ayudarla I was very sorry not to be able to help her;
    ha sentido mucho la pérdida de su madre she has been very affected by her mother's death
    sentirse verbo pronominal
    1 (+ compl) to feel;

    no me siento con ánimos I don't feel up to it
    2 (Chi, Méx) ( ofenderse) to be offended o hurt;
    sentidose CON algn to be offended o upset with sb
    sentido,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 deeply felt: su muerte ha sido muy sentida, his death has been deeply felt
    2 (susceptible) sensitive
    es un chico muy sentido y a la mínima se ofende, he gets upset over the slightest things o he's a very sensitive child
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 sense
    sentido del gusto/olfato, sense of taste/smell
    2 (conocimiento, consciencia) recobrar/ perder el sentido, to regain/lose consciousness
    3 (lógica, razón) sense: no tiene sentido que te despidas, it makes no sense to leave the job
    4 (apreciación, capacidad) no tiene sentido de la medida, he has no sense of moderation
    sentido común, common sense
    sentido del humor, sense of humour
    sexto sentido, sixth sense
    5 (significado) meaning: la frase carece de sentido, the sentence has no meaning
    6 Auto direction
    de doble sentido, two-way
    (de) sentido único, one-way
    sentir
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 (juicio, opinion) opinion, view
    2 (sentimiento) feeling
    II verbo transitivo
    1 to feel
    sentir alegría/frío, to feel happy/cold
    te lo digo como lo siento, I speak my mind ➣ Ver nota en feel
    2 (oír, percibir) to hear: la sentí llegar de madrugada, I heard her come home in the small hours
    3 (lamentar) to regret, be sorry about: siento haberte enfadado, I'm sorry I made you angry
    ' sentido' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ácida
    - ácido
    - acusada
    - acusado
    - apelar
    - cabeza
    - cazar
    - coger
    - contraria
    - contrario
    - despertarse
    - dirección
    - dotada
    - dotado
    - economía
    - educar
    - encarar
    - esperar
    - figurada
    - figurado
    - fina
    - fino
    - hogareña
    - hogareño
    - inversa
    - inverso
    - juicio
    - nariz
    - olfato
    - paladar
    - penetrar
    - perder
    - pésame
    - rara
    - raro
    - realista
    - recobrar
    - recta
    - recto
    - recuperar
    - sentida
    - tacto
    - tener
    - trancazo
    - visión
    - vista
    - agudeza
    - agudizar
    - agudo
    - alto
    English:
    add up
    - advantage
    - anticlockwise
    - appeal
    - arguable
    - babble
    - break
    - civic
    - clockwise
    - common sense
    - counterclockwise
    - derogatory
    - direction
    - ear
    - feel
    - few
    - figurative
    - figuratively
    - flail
    - gumption
    - hearing
    - high
    - humour
    - iota
    - literally
    - little
    - make
    - meaning
    - meaningless
    - mindless
    - modicum
    - obscure
    - one-way
    - pointless
    - practicality
    - quite
    - reason
    - respect
    - scent
    - sense
    - senseless
    - sight
    - smell
    - strictly
    - taste
    - three-point turn
    - touch
    - two-way
    - U-turn
    - unconscious
    * * *
    sentido, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [profundo] heartfelt;
    mi más sentido pésame with deepest sympathy
    2. [sensible]
    ser muy sentido to be very sensitive
    3. [ofendido] hurt, offended;
    quedó muy sentido por tu respuesta he was very hurt by your reply
    4. RP [lesionado] hurt;
    el talonador no puede seguir jugando, está sentido the hooker is unable to carry on playing, he's hurt
    ♦ nm
    1. [capacidad para percibir] sense;
    sentido del tacto sense of touch;
    con los cinco sentidos [completamente] heart and soul;
    no tengo ningún sentido del ritmo I have no sense of rhythm;
    tiene un sentido muy particular de la sinceridad he has a very peculiar notion of sincerity;
    poner los cinco sentidos en algo to give one's all to sth
    sentido común common sense;
    tener sentido común to have common sense;
    sentido del deber sense of duty;
    sentido del humor sense of humour;
    sentido de la orientación sense of direction;
    sentido del ridículo sense of the ridiculous
    2. [conocimiento] consciousness;
    perder/recobrar el sentido to lose/regain consciousness;
    sin sentido unconscious
    3. [dirección] direction;
    los trenes circulaban en sentido opuesto the trains were travelling in opposite directions;
    en el sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj Br anticlockwise, US counter-clockwise
    4. [significado] sense, meaning;
    esta expresión tiene un sentido peyorativo this expression has a pejorative sense;
    esta frase tiene varios sentidos this sentence has several possible interpretations;
    en sentido figurado in the figurative sense;
    doble sentido double meaning;
    una frase de doble sentido a phrase with a double meaning;
    en ese sentido [respecto a eso] as far as that's concerned;
    en ese sentido, tienes razón in that sense, you're right
    5. [razón de ser]
    tener sentido to make sense;
    no tiene sentido escribirle si no sabe leer there's no point writing to him if he can't read;
    no tiene sentido que salgamos si llueve there's no sense in going out if it's raining;
    para ella la vida ya no tenía sentido life no longer had any meaning for her;
    sin sentido [ilógico] meaningless;
    [inútil, irrelevante] pointless;
    un sin sentido nonsense
    * * *
    I adj heartfelt
    II m
    1 oído etc sense;
    el sexto sentido the sixth sense
    2 ( significado) meaning;
    doble sentido double meaning;
    en el sentido propio de la palabra in the true sense of the word;
    en todos los sentidos de la palabra in every sense of the word;
    en un sentido más amplio in a wider sense;
    3 ( dirección) direction;
    4 consciousness;
    perder/recobrar el sentido lose/regain consciousness
    * * *
    sentido, -da adj
    1) : heartfelt, sincere
    mi más sentido pésame: my sincerest condolences
    2) : touchy, sensitive
    3) : offended, hurt
    1) : sense
    sentido común: common sense
    los cinco sentidos: the five senses
    sin sentido: senseless
    2) conocimiento: consciousness
    3) significado: meaning, sense
    doble sentido: double entendre
    4) : direction
    calle de sentido único: one-way street
    * * *
    1. (capacidad) sense
    tenemos cinco sentidos: vista, oído, gusto, olfato y tacto we have five senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch
    2. (significado) meaning
    3. (lógica) point
    4. (dirección) direction / way
    5. (conocimiento) consciousness

    Spanish-English dictionary > sentido

  • 20 simple

    adj.
    2 simple (sencillo, tonto).
    3 simple, easy.
    es muy simple, metes la moneda y ya está it's quite simple, all you have to do is insert the coin
    4 mere (mero).
    por simple estupidez through sheer stupidity
    nos basta con su simple palabra his word is enough for us by itself
    no le pedí más que un simple favor all I asked him for was a favor
    5 prime (Mat).
    f. & m.
    simpleton (person).
    * * *
    1 (gen) simple
    2 (único) single, just one
    3 (mero) mere
    4 (persona) simple, simple-minded
    1 simpleton
    1 (tenis) singles plural
    \
    por simple descuido through sheer carelessness
    * * *
    adj.
    1) mere
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=sin adornos) [peinado, objeto] simple; [vestido, decoración] plain
    2) [método] simple, easy, straightforward
    3) [antes de sustantivo] (=mero) mere
    4) [antes de sustantivo] (=corriente) ordinary

    es un simple abogado — he's only o just a solicitor

    5) [persona] (=sin complicaciones) simple; (=crédulo) gullible; pey (=de pocas luces) simple-minded
    6) (Ling, Quím) simple
    7) (Bot) single
    2.
    SMF (=persona) simpleton
    3.
    SMPL pl simples (Tenis) singles; (Bot) simples
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (sencillo, fácil) <sistema/procedimiento> simple
    b) (Quím) < sustancia> simple
    c) (Ling) < tiempo> simple
    2) (delante del n) ( mero) simple
    3) ( tonto) simple, simple-minded
    II
    masculino y femenino simpleton
    * * *
    = mere, non-intellectual, pure [pure -comp., purest -sup.], sheer [sheerer -comp., sheerest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], single, straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, low-key [low key], schematic, simple-minded, uncluttered, unsophisticated, naked, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, hassle-free, no-brainer.
    Ex. Contextual logic or proximity operators: these are a useful means of searching for more than the mere occurrence of a term; they also permit the searcher to specify the context in which the term should appear in some sense or other.
    Ex. The picture of the self-improvement-oriented readers contrasts sharply with the typical adult user who asks quite non-intellectual questions at the reference desk.
    Ex. The notation used in DC is pure, and numbers.
    Ex. The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.
    Ex. Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.
    Ex. Equally important was the desire to achieve a single text.
    Ex. Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.
    Ex. Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex. Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.
    Ex. Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex. None of this is ever as schematic and neatly arranged, step-by-step, as my discussion of it here makes it seem = Nunca nada de esto es tan simple, bien ordenado y secuencial como lo hago parecer.
    Ex. Granted the seemingly simple-minded examples that have been used, such as changing NEGROES to AFRO-AMERICANS and BLACKS, appear fairly straightforward.
    Ex. Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.
    Ex. Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex. Everything in this book is set down without reference to context, or author's intention, or the naked facts and figures, or the difference between one kind of writing and reading and another.
    Ex. Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.
    Ex. It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.
    Ex. Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.
    Ex. Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex. Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.
    Ex. Recycling is a no-brainer since it conserves our natural resources and reduces air pollution.
    ----
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * búsqueda simple = simple search.
    * de una forma simple = in a simple manner.
    * de una manera simple = in a simple manner.
    * hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * interés simple = simple interest.
    * las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.
    * por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.
    * simple ciudadano, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.
    * simple mortal = lesser mortal.
    * simple y llanamente = just plain, plainly and simply.
    * tan simple como = with as little ado as.
    * unidad simple = singleton.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (sencillo, fácil) <sistema/procedimiento> simple
    b) (Quím) < sustancia> simple
    c) (Ling) < tiempo> simple
    2) (delante del n) ( mero) simple
    3) ( tonto) simple, simple-minded
    II
    masculino y femenino simpleton
    * * *
    = mere, non-intellectual, pure [pure -comp., purest -sup.], sheer [sheerer -comp., sheerest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], single, straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, low-key [low key], schematic, simple-minded, uncluttered, unsophisticated, naked, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, hassle-free, no-brainer.

    Ex: Contextual logic or proximity operators: these are a useful means of searching for more than the mere occurrence of a term; they also permit the searcher to specify the context in which the term should appear in some sense or other.

    Ex: The picture of the self-improvement-oriented readers contrasts sharply with the typical adult user who asks quite non-intellectual questions at the reference desk.
    Ex: The notation used in DC is pure, and numbers.
    Ex: The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.
    Ex: Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.
    Ex: Equally important was the desire to achieve a single text.
    Ex: Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.
    Ex: Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex: Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.
    Ex: Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex: None of this is ever as schematic and neatly arranged, step-by-step, as my discussion of it here makes it seem = Nunca nada de esto es tan simple, bien ordenado y secuencial como lo hago parecer.
    Ex: Granted the seemingly simple-minded examples that have been used, such as changing NEGROES to AFRO-AMERICANS and BLACKS, appear fairly straightforward.
    Ex: Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.
    Ex: Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex: Everything in this book is set down without reference to context, or author's intention, or the naked facts and figures, or the difference between one kind of writing and reading and another.
    Ex: Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.
    Ex: It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.
    Ex: Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.
    Ex: Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex: Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.
    Ex: Recycling is a no-brainer since it conserves our natural resources and reduces air pollution.
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * búsqueda simple = simple search.
    * de una forma simple = in a simple manner.
    * de una manera simple = in a simple manner.
    * hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * interés simple = simple interest.
    * las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.
    * por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.
    * simple ciudadano, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.
    * simple mortal = lesser mortal.
    * simple y llanamente = just plain, plainly and simply.
    * tan simple como = with as little ado as.
    * unidad simple = singleton.

    * * *
    A
    1 (sencillo, fácil) ‹sistema/procedimiento› simple
    el mecanismo no puede ser más simple the mechanism couldn't be (any) simpler o more straightforward
    la solución es muy simple the solution is very simple
    es una dieta simple pero completa it's a simple but complete diet
    2 ( Quím) ‹sustancia› simple
    3 ( Ling) ‹tiempo› simple
    B ( delante del n) (mero) simple
    un simple error puede causar un accidente a simple mistake can cause an accident
    no es más que un simple resfriado it's just a common cold
    era un simple soldado he was an ordinary soldier
    vista2 (↑ vista (2))
    C (tonto, bobo) simple, simple-minded
    es muy simple, pero buena persona he's rather simple o simple-minded, but he's a nice person
    no seas simple ¿no ves que así no haces nada? don't be silly o ( BrE colloq) daft, can't you see you won't get anywhere like that?
    simpleton
    * * *

     

    simple adjetivo
    1 (sencillo, fácil) simple;
    See also→ llanamente
    2 ( delante del n) ( mero) simple;
    ◊ el simple hecho de … the simple fact of …;

    es un simple resfriado it's just a common cold;
    un simple soldado an ordinary soldier
    3 ( tonto) simple, simple-minded
    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino
    simpleton
    simple
    I adjetivo
    1 (sencillo) simple: estos ejercicios son muy simples, these exercises are very easy
    una cámara de simple manejo, an easy-to-use camera
    2 Ling Quím (no complejo, no compuesto) simple
    oración simple, simple sentence
    3 (mero, tan solo) mere, pure: somos simples espectadores, we are mere observers
    fue simple casualidad, it was pure coincidence
    pey es un simple secretario, he's just a secretary
    4 (cándido, sin malicia) naive, innocent
    pey (tonto) simple-minded, half-witted, foolish
    II m (ingenuo, inocente) innocent, naive person
    pey (simplón, tonto) simpleton, half-wit
    ' simple' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    babosa
    - baboso
    - bendita
    - bendito
    - boba
    - bobalicón
    - bobalicona
    - bobo
    - borrica
    - borrico
    - clavar
    - compuesta
    - compuesto
    - hincapié
    - idea
    - lila
    - llaneza
    - mayoría
    - pánfila
    - pánfilo
    - pardilla
    - pardillo
    - preferir
    - sencilla
    - sencillo
    - simpleza
    - triste
    - vista
    - hechura
    - llanamente
    - mero
    - pretérito
    - puro
    - ya
    English:
    ago
    - arithmetic
    - dowdy
    - gravestone
    - mere
    - naked
    - plain
    - simple
    - simple interest
    - simple-minded
    - simple-mindedness
    - single-spacing
    - basic
    - simply
    - unsophisticated
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [sencillo, tonto] simple
    2. [fácil] easy, simple;
    es muy simple, metes la moneda y ya está it's quite simple, all you have to do is insert the coin
    3. [sin complicación] simple;
    una decoración simple a simple decoration
    4. [único, sin componentes] single;
    dame una simple razón give me one single reason
    5. [mero]
    es un simple trabajador he's a simple o an ordinary worker;
    no le pedí más que un simple favor I merely asked her a favour;
    nos basta con su simple palabra his word is enough for us by itself;
    por simple estupidez through sheer stupidity
    6. Mat prime
    7. Quím simple
    8. Ling [verbo] simple
    ♦ nmf
    [persona] simpleton
    * * *
    I adj
    1 ( fácil) simple
    2 ( mero) ordinary
    II m/f simpleton
    * * *
    simple adj
    1) sencillo: plain, simple, easy
    2) : pure, mere
    por simple vanidad: out of pure vanity
    3) : simpleminded, foolish
    : fool, simpleton
    * * *
    simple adj
    1. (sencillo) simple
    2. (solamente) just

    Spanish-English dictionary > simple

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См. также в других словарях:

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